electric

would be Hey, I hit the brakes and the reverse lights come on too. Or I put the vehicle in reverse and the brake light comes on too. So things that are powered together that shouldn't be would be an example of a short term voltage. Now, a short to ground is another issue that we will be talking about as well, but that's all ground side. So whenever I have a short to voltage, what will happen is my fuse or my protection for the circuit is like it's taking on another mouth to feed. So ambrage will go up in a short term volted situation. It may potentially blow a fuse, but it will not automatically blow on. So shortter to voltage is if a wire or component is shorted to voltage. So it has power when it's not supposed to. So this would be an example of a short voltage here in my little diagram here. I got my battery, we can see that our ground is going straight to the body of the vehicleus, what we'd expect to see. We don't really need to run crazy along ground wires, more so we run power wires. than we find the close ground. But we've got our protection. Looks like we have something called a splice here. This is a junction or a splice, so this is called a parallel circuit. I have two loads on this. We're going to learn about this actually. Probably today. I have protections. So the way that this circuit is supposed to work is these lights only come on when the switches are closed. And generally, probably only one switch is going to be closed out of time. So this fuse only powers one ball at a time. But if I have a short of ground, what it does is it bypasses the connection. So these bulbs here can get powered from this side of the circuit or the side of the circuit. So as long as one of these are closed, both of them will be powered. So what will happen is this views here, since I'm powering more loads, it will cause more of an amperage draw on the circuit. Now, this particular type of circuit, probably would be okay with that, but if this was like a turn signal circuit, that wouldn't work so well. Imagine you hit your turn signal to the left and your right starts flashing, too. Well, it's not what I wanted. But that would be an example of a short to voltage. So it's when loads are powered, when they're not supposed to voltage will, essentially have to be shared by these, but the big thing is, Amage will go up. Now, eventually, whenever we talk about short to voltage situations, because ambrage goes up, what happens when you work out? The T, what do you physically feel, though? What happens to your body? Weak. Temperature wise.. You get hot, right? Well, electricity is the same way. The more work is done, the hotter your load gets. The hotter your wires get. So what will eventually happen is these wires will get hotter and hotter and they will integrate more into each other. I had a Chevy Tahoe come in years ago. They had all kinds of weird electrical issues going on. I ended up tracking the harness. And ended up going underneath the vehicle, went through the center console, went towards the back. pulled the console up. It was one big melted wad of wires. And it all started because, oh, my power outlet in the back kept on blowing. So what do you do? Well, the person just put a higher amperage fuse. in for the cigarette higher, the power outlet. Because they put a higher amage fuse in that circuit. The protections were reset. So instead of fuse being the weakest part of that circuit, the wire became the weakest part. So the wire got real hot. Well, the wire was part of a big old harness. So what happened was it got warmer and warmer and all the wires in the harness got closer and closer than they started shorting. So the fix on that one was replaced the entire harness because somebody put one puse that was rated higher than what the vehicle rated for. So, we joke about that, what happens when a fuse blows, oh, you just put a higher fuse in there, and that's not the answer. That's what happened. So, let's see, we got our shortter voltage here. Now we use uses or circuit breakers to prevent excess amage blood. So we talked about fuses and how they're kind of like a speed limit. Once effridge exceeds what they're rated for, it will blow, and it's done at that point. It's an open drawbridge. It's never going to close again. So these are like one time use. But what I have here is a circuit. Now, these are commonly used on, like, safety circuits a lot of times. What's cool about a circuit breaker is if David is too high, this will open, but circuit breakers reset. So once it cools down enough, it will close back up again. So these are great to use on like lighting circuits. How much would it seek if you're driving in the middle of the night? And you had a short and your headlights put working. Can't see anything. Well, if you had a circuit breaker on that circuit, if it was just an intermittent issue, it would reset plates and come back on. So, manufacturer, utilize that design. So, if I have shorts, short power, if average gets too high, my fs are my circuit breaker will reset. So that leads us to this one here. If insulated wire is rubbed through apart, and the insulation of the wire of the conductor touches the steel body of the vehicle, steel body of the vehicle is our pathway where. home to ground. The type of failure would be called the ground. Short ground. Now we've talked about electricity here lately. Now, I' tell you this, electricity is predictable. It is extremely predictable. You know why? 'Cause it's lazy, as young people would say, AF. So, it's lazy. It doesn't want to work. It doesn't, if why it out doesn't. It will always pick the path of least resistance. So, if I have my circuit here, and let's say that my wire got rubbed here and you know what? There was a ground connection here. The moment I flipped this switch, when electricity gets to this point, it's gonna say, yeah. I got options now. I can either go home or I can work. Electricity is what? Are you? It's lazy. So it's gonna go home. And what's gonna happen is amperage in that circuit spikes, really high. It's gonna blow that fuse. It's Start to not gonna work anymore. So that's a short to ground. Now, that is a short to ground before a load. Sorry about that. Silence that. So there's a little jingle that I have once more, a number that is corny, but there it is. Short to ground before, load. Pop goes abuse, every time. So say it with me. Can y'all snap? Short to ground. Short to ground. Before a load. Pop goes a fuse. Every time. Now, electricity's got options. Okay. What if it's after? What if it's after the load? Is it still a short to ground? Is there an additional ground there that wasn't there before? Yeah. It is. But those electricity still have the same options that it did. Yeah, those. not up here. So it's still got its same power, but at this point, now electricity has two paths that it could go home. Now, if I did not have this optional switch here, and I just had a section of wire here, if I have this ground here, when is this lake gonna come on?'s not come on. What's that like need to work touch on? hour in? Out. Power brown. So this thing is gonna work. whenever it's got power, right? What's that? Because it's always got ground. So, is that good? No, it's not that. It's not good. Not good. Smells a dead battery, right? Now, the question to ask is, is this a good ground? This is going to work, but it's not going to work like it's supposed to. So what if I have high resistance in this ground here?. It's gonna be a little. What's gonna happen the moment I close this? Electric has got options now, right? So if you had a shorter ground before your switch here and you flipipped that switch, and all of a sudden you're like it's brighter. What's that tell you? Well, electricity is picking the path of least resistance at that point. So we see that, oh, yeah, looks like you' got another option to ground, but if I flip this in my leg gets brighter, looks like I still have this one, and it's still a better ground. So a shortorter ground before a lube will pop a fuse every time. A shorter ground after the lube will not. But the thing is, if I have a shorter ground after a l, what is the question we should ask? What is the question? Let's think about it. Look at this picture here. What is the question we should ask? Think like a detective. If I have a short to ground, afterlude, what is the question to ask? What were the 3Ws? You learned when you were a kid? Yeah, there's that. Well, how about where? I was going somewhere with that, and you just shot it all down, too. If I'm a detective, I want to know where. Hey, where did this happen? Was it on your property or not? So, in this particular case, if I'm an electrical detective, where is that shagram? Is it before or after my ground side switch? Do I have a ground side switch? Because if it's before ground side switch, it's my on all the time, right? So as I get power. But if it's after a ground side switch, would it work just the same? I would probably say, do I still have my original ground? Because if it was dimmer, then it was before, I may have this new path that's not as good as the old one. All right, so if you ever see one that question where it says, the wire is rubbed through the insulation and it touches steel, automatically, you're going to say. Short to what? For what? Grounds. Short to ground. It touches the body. If you ever hear the term wires are melted together, short term voltage, or you can say short to power. These are important to remember. All right. So, what are the other circuit vulks that we need to think about is you remember how I talked about corrosion, we got the green monster? If I have the Green Monster, what spikes up a lot. When we put is up. resistant. So if you ever have corroded connections or sockets, odds are your lights aren't gonna be as bright. But it can also call some weird things. So like, clicking of relays and soul noise out of the blue, stuff acting like it's possessed. D lights, slow mot operation. How many tried to use electric motor, and it just slow as it could be. Trying to move a car seat or put a window down or anything like that. When I open my wife's on, I don't what it's, coming from like dash it like clicks. All right, so that one is probably a blender actuator for your AC. Does it happen as soon as you start it up or is it always when it's always. It can also be the actual locks Illinoid. Sometimes they get possessed too. But these issues could be due to corrosion, could be due to high resistance or bad connections. So if something is not working correctly, the first thing that we need to do is verify it has a good connection to power. And verify that the actual battery is in good shape as well. If I don't have this potential, don't expect things to work for. But these are some of the weird stuff that we run into. Rabid clicking of solenoids that can also be due to low voltage, which could be due to high resistance. Dib lights. A, is that load getting the potential it's supposed to? Probably not. Slow motor operation. So this one here is kind of a kicker, because if it is slow, it could be due to high resistance, but it could be. Electro resistance due to corrosion, or it could be due to a physical resistance. So if Jas wanted to get up and I were pushed down on him, that'd be a type of physical resistance, right? Now, electric motors are different than lakes, because, you know what? They want to work. They want to physically move. So what Aage does it's a little different on a motor circuit. So if I have my hand on Josh Fear and you try stand up, are you going to work harder or less to try to stand up? Harder? Harder. So if I have a motor circuit, what happens is it draws more amts to do the same thing. So, y'all ever had a motor circuit where a fuse would constantly blow every time you did it? Well, how about you're in a powered seat and it would start moving, all of a sudden it would stop. And you wait a little bit and then it'll start working again. So that circuit had a circuit breaker in it. It drew too many ants, and that's what stopped, because it got hot. So, that's a physical resistance issue. If I have an electrical resistance, my amper should, damn, corion goose causes the amper should go down. P physical resistance will cause the amage to go.. So, a shorted circuit. Could it include no circuit? Does it always cause a fuse to blow? for needle. So let me ask you a question. Canned shorts Calls Opens But are they always hand in hand? No. So, A, it's a nice straw. B, always calls his fuses to blow. Will a shorten power always blow a fuse? No. Could it eventually? Here he is. Will, the shorten the ground always blow a fuse? What's the general say? When? Before alert. So that's not making so much sense either. So what's the best answer? Neither. Neither. High resistance in a circuit can cause what? Can it call slicking and relay almost? Yep. Can it cause dim lights? Yeah. Can it call slow motor operation? Yep. So I hold you above. We got to shorten the ground on this one. It's kind of like a picture I drew, electricity has an option. Electricity is what? Lazy. Does it want to work? Heck, no. So, in this particular case, soon as this was closed, top. Circuit Falls, we talked about loose connections, loose ground connections. A lot of different issues that we can have due to loose connections or high resistance. Now, if I have a loose connection, I can also cause a high resistance issue. All right. Bones wall. All right. It's on the first picture of the slide. took us a little while to get to it. So Oslaw is this. This is my version. Voltage over ambrage times resistance. Where is this beneficial? Well, you know what? If I know one of these, I can figure out the others. So if I have 12 volts and I have two Ms, how many o's do I have? In a circle? I got I got six. How'd you know that, man?. Yeah, you use those all? So, this is kind of neat. So, if I want to build a circuit, and let's say, I want to run something and I want to have 12 amps available. How much resistance do I have to have? What kind of voltage do I need? You have 12 volts, right? How much resistance needs to be in this circuit? So if I want to run a system and I want to be able to have 12 imps available, I need to have how many volts? How many homes of resistance? One. So if you want to run something and have a decent amount of amperage available, we need to really back down the amount of resistance we're working with. That's owns all. That's a formula. Now, they say. E for voltage, which they say E is electromotive force, but you know what? This is that we can go buy. Put this in your notes. So voltage, over amphage, which they have high for ambrage. And R is pretty much the same. So the formula for Osal is this here. What is the benefit of O's law? Well, if I'm working with a circuit and I know two, I can find out what the missing one is. If you look in your workbooks, on the circuit diagrams that we're going to be working on, on our small groups today, owns law is going to be our best friend for finding out what total circuit resistance is. voltage, and amperage. So it's going to be beneficial to know that we don't need to watch the video. So just like I covered up this one here. This one here, we're covering up different sides.. Figure things out. It's not too bad as far as maths go, because it has to be. So what's the simple use for voltage? It's different than us. So I said V. I. Well, what was the one in textbook? It was E. E's for electromotive fours, I is for current. So if I have 12 volts, being applied to a resistance of three ohms, how much work is going to get done? Four. Ramp's work. Okay. Not too bad. That's easy. I did this in like third grade. We're not going to talk about that. So, O's law, things that we can always remember. So, when I was a kid, how about you all, because things changed in the '90s and '80s and 2000s. But we had these things called, what are they? Sheoul, that had little handles on them. They were great. You know, your big friends here, get the little friend here, and then everybody would fall off and the person would slam down. not a whole of fun, actually. So think of a teeter top. So when resistance goes up, what goes down? I. Voltage. Oh, amphage. But on the flip side of that, if resistance is really low, voltage and amperage can go up. So all your simple math, this stuff here, if voltage is up, if resistance is down, a lot of work can get done. If voltage is up, resistance stays the same. Efforts still can go up. There's a little bit of a balancing act there. What do I remember? Well, resistance has a heavy impact into potential and work. If it goes up, I don't get a whole lot done. So if full digit increases in a circuit, what happens to current if the resistance stays the same? Still can increase just fine. Now, Watts law is when the other one is? Don't worry, it's an easy one. So, I'm going to find out how much total power is used. Whenever I think of Watts, you know what I think of? Light bulbs. Back before we say to these crappy LEP things that burn out every six months. I swear. I'm forever changing my boles in my house.m about to try to find some original ones. Now, how do I find out Total Wantage output? I just multiply amage and voltage. That's it. So if I had a 60 watt ball if I had 12 volts, how many amps do I have? But 6 volt, 6 watts. Just multiply the two. So, we can also break this down into horsepower, too. So one horsepower equals about 746 watts. Do I have any Mighty Cormod fans or anybody that watches people at dino stuff everseas? What are the dinos give out? Killowatt. So kilowatts are thousands ofatts, right? So they don't give us forcepower numbers, they give us kilowatts, which can be translated into 4p. But from here on out, Watts is just total power. How much am I working with? And all I got to do to find out Watts is multiply volt engine. That's it. So if somebody says,Hey, what's Wattla? Well, wattage equals voltage times ambrage. What is it? It's Total power. It's just amazing.. So, let's say that you need to buy a new microwave, and they had a 100 watt or 200 watts microwave, which one's going to get in the food hotter faster? 200 w.. Yes. Yep. So one to. Good. So how many watts are consumed by a starter motor if it draws 150 amps and 10 volts?. It's not any of this, right? It's 1,500. So we just multiply the two together to see what our wottage would be. Yes, it's 1,500 for the on here. was meant to mess with you guys. So how many watts are consumed by a light bulb if 1.2 amps are measured? When 12 volts arely.. 1424. If 200 amps blow through the positive terminal of the battery and operate the starter motor, how many amps will flow back to the negative terminal of the battery? Oh, we haven't talked about this shit. So let me ask you a question. If I got 12 volts going to my load, how many volts are coming back? Zero. Perfect world numbers? Zero. Current's different. So in an electrical circuit, I have 12 volts and 10 amps thrown through that circuit, I'm gonna have 10 amps at the beginning of the circuit, and I'm gonna have 10 amps all the way at the end of the circuit. It's like taking a pulse. So the way the current works is it's the same throughout. If I have a series or. So it would be 200 hs, so whatever comes out, come back. When it comes to ammorage. So in summer, we learned about a couple different circuits, open circuits, closed circuits, we learned about a couple different shorts, too, especially fashionable ones, the denim. Short power, short ground. Which one blows the fuse every time? What's the jingle say?. Okay, you' gonna make me do it. Ready? Get them out. Short to ground. Come on, let me hear. Short the ground. Before a load. Bef a load of you. There's a few. Every time. Every time. All right. that we've gone through that, so. Remember that. Now, if I have a shorter ground, after a load, things could work differently, right? Quest that we ask is, where's the switch, if it's after a load. All right, we talking about O's Wall. Was that complicated? No. So if mom was saying, "Hey, Hunter, what' you learn to school today?" I was all. Explain it to me. Well, O's law is this. It's voltage over amper time is your resistance, which means I'm working on a circuit I need to find out what all my components are, as long as I have two, we're good to go, right? Cool. Now, we understand the relationship between our three key terms, right? The teeter not teeters Potter. Sea salt. Remember the sea salt, how they interact with each other. All right. We learned about Wattsl, too.. Let's do another little stretch and break. and then we'll get into using a meter a little bit and we're going to talk about simple circuits, series circuits, and parallel circuits. All right. be over