Superficial Reflexes

Superficial reflexes are a type of reflex action characterized by the response to gentle cutaneous (skin) stimulation.
- They can be likened to the sensation of tickling, where the body instinctively moves away from the stimulus.

Abdominal Reflex
- Description: When the abdomen (specifically along the umbilicus) is stroked gently, the umbilicus will move towards the stimulus.
- Significance: This reflex tests the integrity of the spinal cord between the thoracic vertebrae T8 to T12.
- Function Check: Tests the ability to deliver motor functions through the ventral rami of the spinal nerves.
Plantar Reflex
- Description: This reflex is elicited by stroking a tongue depressor up along the sole of the foot. The expected response is for the toes to curl or flex upwards.
- Abnormal Response: An abnormal plantar reflex may occur in infants, where instead of curling, the toes flare and extend when stroked.
- This flaring response is normal in infants under one year old due to the incomplete development of the motor cortex.
- In adults, the plantar reflex checks the integrity of the spinal cord from L4 to the second sacral nerve (S2).

The plantar reflex can indicate the functionality and integrity of the corticospinal tract, particularly assessing the first order neurons or upper motor neurons.
In patients who have lost consciousness, such as those in a coma from a car accident:
- The plantar reflex provides valuable information regarding progressive neurological damage.
- If over several days the toes transition from a curling motion to a flaring motion, this can signify worsening conditions, despite the patient appearing to be inert.
- Health professionals can utilize this reflex methodically to gauge changes in a patient's neurological status, even in the absence of overt signs.
Summary of Abnormal Plantar Reflex
- In infants: Toes flare upon stimulation (normal).
- In adults: Toes curling is expected; flaring indicates potential neurological impairment.