Hybridization

Bonding in carbon compound

Carbon exhibits tetravalency( has 4 outer electrons on it’s valent shell)

A carbon can form 4 bonds because one of it 2s electron is transferred to a 2p orbital to form 4 unpair electrons to created 4 bonds

The promotion of 2s electrons require energy to move but this is more than repayed with the energy released from when a carbon forms 4 bonds

The four unfilled C atomic orbitals can be thought as mixed as so that each has ¼ s character and ¾ p character. This process is called hybridization. These are orbitals are called sp³ orbitals

These orbitals overlap to form single bonds in carbon called sigma bonds ‘σ’ . In double bonds only one of the 2s orbital and only two of the there 2p orbitals mix to form sp² obitals.These form one sigma bond and one pie bond