Chemistry Chapter 1

Atoms: smallest particle of an element without changing the properties

Mixture: Mixtures are made of one or more substance. each compound has its own identity.

Element: the purest version of a substance.

Chemical Change: a change that changes the identity of a substance (e.g. cooking food)

Physical Change: a change that changes the appearance of a substance without changing the identity of said substance

Electrolysis: the process of breaking down water molecules into Hydrogen and Oxygen using electricity

Solid: has definite shape and volume

Liquid: has indefinite shape, definite volume

Gas: has indefinite shape, indefinite volume

Homogenous Mixture: appears the same throughout (e.g. a sugar and salt mixture)

Heterogenous Mixture: appears different throughout (e.g. salt and pepper mixture)

Solution: a water based mixture

Mixtures can be separated through physical means (chromatography, filtration, centrifuge, vaporization)

Chromatography: special paper is placed in a water-based solution and units separate

Centrifuge: spins a solution and the denser material goes to the bottom

Vaporization: water-based solution is boiled until all water has been evaporated

Filtration: solution with particles that gets filtered through filter paper

Pure Substance: an element or compound made of only one element

Compound: a mixture of one or more atoms of (an) element(s)

Metals: ductile, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity

Group 18: Noble Gases - unreactive

Periods: horizontal rows

Groups/Families: vertical columns, have similar properties

Matter = anything that has mass + takes up space