WH+Savvas+Textbook+Topic+9

Topic 9: Nationalism and the Spread of Democracy (1790-1914)

Essential Question

  • What are the challenges of diversity?

Overview

  • This topic covers the rise of nationalism and democracy from 1790 to 1914, highlighting key events and movements in Europe and the Americas.

  • Central focus on conflicts arising from ethnic nationalism and its effects on democracy.

Page 2: Connections to Today

  • Current conflicts between nationalism and democracy, particularly regarding ethnic minorities.

  • Countries often face discrimination against these groups due to nationalist definitions of nationality.

Page 3: Topic 9 Overview

Key Events:

  1. Revolutions in Europe

  2. Latin American Independence

  3. Unification of Germany and Italy

  4. Democratic reforms in Britain

  5. Divisions in France

  6. Growth of the United States

  7. Eastern European Nationalism

  8. Nationalism in Russia

Page 4: QUEST! Debate Preparation

Inquiry Focus:

  • Was British policy responsible for the Irish potato famine?

Steps to Prepare:

  1. Review British and Irish political/economic contexts.

  2. Evaluate various sources for differing viewpoints.

  3. Formulate and outline a position paper.

  4. Reflect on the validity of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair's 1997 apology.

Page 5: Revolutions in Europe

Prince Metternich's Role:

  • Foreign minister of Austria (1809-1848), aimed to suppress revolutionary ideas.

  • Conservatives supported traditional power structures and opposed revolutions.

Key Terms:

  • Ideology: A system of beliefs.

  • Universal Manhood Suffrage: Voting rights for all men.

  • Autonomy: Self-governance.

Page 6: Ideological Conflicts

Conservatives vs. Liberals:

  • Conservatives: Wanted to maintain old order, restore monarchs, and suppress freedoms.

  • Liberals: Advocated civil liberties and political reform based on Enlightenment ideals.

Nationalism's Rise:

  • Nationalism stems from the desire of nations for self-determination which often led to conflicts.

Page 7: Revolutions of 1848

Major Events:

  • Pan-European revolutions aiming to establish democratic governments.

  • Serbia: Gained autonomy by 1830.

  • Greece: Achieved independence, inspiring further nationalism in other regions.

Page 8: Italian and German Unification

Key Figures in Italian Unification:

  • Giuseppe Garibaldi: Led the Red Shirts for southern Italy's unification.

  • Camillo di Cavour: Prime Minister of Sardinia advocating for the unification of Italy.

German Unification:

  • Otto von Bismarck: Architect of unification through strategic wars (Austro-Prussian, Franco-Prussian).

Page 9: Democratic Reforms in Britain

Key Terms:

  • Rotten Boroughs: Underpopulated areas still sending representatives to Parliament.

  • Chartist Movement: Advocated universal male suffrage and a variety of democratic reforms.

Page 10: The Irish Question

Events Leading to Nationalist Movement:

  • Potato Famine (1845-49): Catastrophic event galvanizing Irish nationalism against British rule.

Home Rule:

  • Demand for local government by the Irish arose throughout the 19th century.

Page 11: Challenges in France

Napoleon III:

  • Established the Second Empire and faced failings in domestic and foreign policy.

Dreyfus Affair:

  • An antisemitic case that divided France and highlighted social issues.

Page 12: Growth of the United States

Manifest Destiny:

  • The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.

Civil War:

  • Conflict between Northern states (anti-slavery) and Southern states (pro-slavery).

Page 13: Nationalism in Eastern Europe

Multinational Challenges:

  • Austrian and Ottoman empires grappled with rising nationalist movements, leading to conflicts.

Russian Reform:

  • Emancipation of serfs under Alexander II but followed by repression under Alexander III.

Page 14: Conclusion

Current Context:

  • Challenge of nationalism impacting democratic rights today, similar historical patterns observed in 19th-century movements.