ANH NGỮ AN TOÀN - TOEIC Vocabulary Day 4 Comprehensive Study Guide

Lexical Foundations of Accounting and Responsibility

The word family centered around Account is foundational to professional and financial communication. An Accountant is specifically defined as a professional individual who performs accounting tasks, such as record-keeping and financial auditing (kế toán viên). The base verb Count refers to the numerical action of tallying or enumerating (đếm). In a social or professional context, the phrasal verb Count on is used to express reliance or trust in a person, process, or entity (tin tưởng). Legal and professional obligations are often described using the term Accountable, which means being held strictly responsible for one’s actions or the outcomes of a project (chịu trách nhiệm). Furthermore, the phrasal verb Account for serves two distinct functions: it can mean to explain the cause of an event (giải thích) or to represent a specific portion or percentage of a larger whole (chiếm tỷ lệ).

Completion, Achievement, and Structural Development

The verb Accomplish signifies the successful completion of a task, serving as a synonym for terms such as "complete" and "fulfill" (hoàn thành). When used as an adjective, Accomplished describes an individual who is remarkably talented, highly skilled, or has achieved a state of perfection in their field (tài ba, giỏi, hoàn hảo). The noun form, Accomplishment, refers to a significant milestone or a successful achievement (thành tựu). In the realm of physical development, Construction refers to the act of building or assembling infrastructure (sự xây dựng). This is often accompanied by Instruction, which represents the formal act of providing guidance, directions, or rules on how a task should be executed (sự hướng dẫn).

Market Dynamics: Reductions, Gains, and Valuation

Terms related to quantitative changes are essential for discussing market trends. To Reduce means to make something smaller or less in amount (giảm), often achieved through the act of Cutting down (cắt giảm). In retail and commerce, a Rebate is a specific type of price reduction or partial refund (hạ giá, chiết khấu), while a Bargain refers to a transaction where the buyer receives a favorable price or engages in negotiation (mặc cả, món hời). Conversely, a Gain represents a profit or a positive acquisition (lợi ích). The general terms for movement in quantity include Decrease, meaning to become smaller (giảm), and its opposite, Increase, meaning to become larger (tăng). To determine the worth of these changes, one must Evaluate, which is the process of appraising or judging the quality and price of an item (định giá, đánh giá). This process centers on the Value or inherent worth of the object (giá trị). For an evaluation or document to be used, it must be Valid, meaning it has legal force or is currently effective (có hiệu lực).

Corporate Ownership and Positional Context

In the corporate sector, individuals who own portions of a company are referred to as Stock-holders or Share holders (cổ đông). The physical or conceptual placement of such entities or objects is described by the verb Situate (đặt tại, tọa lạc). When traveling between these locations, one arrives at a Destination, which is the final point of a journey (đích đến, điểm đến). The act of reaching this point is known as Arrival (sự đến).

Psychological Outlook and Public Communication

Individual and organizational perspectives can be categorized as Pessimistic, which describes a negative outlook or a lack of hope regarding future results (bi quan, không hy vọng, not hopeful). To combat negative perceptions or to spread information, entities Advertise, which is the act of publicizing products or services (quảng cáo, công khai). This is closely related to Publicize, the act of making information known to the mass population (quảng bá, quảng cáo). These actions involve the Public, referring to the community or the general populace (công cộng, cộng đồng). When information is officially printed and distributed, it is said to be Published (xuất bản).

Temporal Contexts and Legal Terminology

Duration and timing are expressed through adverbs such as Currently, which refers to the present moment or the status quo (hiện tại, hiện nay), and Recently, which refers to events that took place in the near past (gần đây). Finally, the word Fine carries a dual meaning: it can be an adjective describing high quality or health (tốt, khỏe), or it can function as a noun or verb referring to a monetary penalty imposed for breaking a rule or law (phạt). The term Abandon refers to the act of leaving something permanently or giving up a pursuit (từ bỏ).