Eye and ENT test

Rhinoplasty
➤ Not just cosmetic. Also corrects breathing issues.
✅ False (Rhinoplasty can be medical)
Septoplasty
➤ Fixes deviated nasal septum
✅ Definition
Laryngectomy
➤ Removal of part/all of larynx (for cancer)
Tracheotomy
➤ Incision in neck → airway access
✅ Used when upper airway is blocked
Myringotomy
➤ Small hole in eardrum to drain fluid
Tympanoplasty
➤ Repairs perforated eardrum
Stapedectomy
➤ Removes stapes bone to treat hearing loss
Mastoidectomy
➤ Removes infected cells in mastoid bone
Adenoidectomy
➤ Removes adenoids causing blockage
Turbinectomy
➤ Improves airflow by removing turbinates

Strabismus Surgery
➤ Realigns extraocular muscles
PPV (Pars Plana Vitrectomy)
➤ Removes vitreous humor
➤ Silicone oil used temporarily (must be removed, not absorbed)
➤ Face-down positioning often required
Cataract Surgery
➤ Uses ultrasonic probe to break lens (phacoemulsification)
Trocar Insertion
➤ Uses speculum/retractor first, then cannula or guide
➤ Instrument used: cannula introducer or speculum, not just “retractor”

Otitis Media
➤ Middle ear infection
Otitis Externa
➤ Swimmer’s ear (outer ear inflammation)
Tinnitus
➤ Ringing or buzzing in ears (not inflammation!)
Conductive Hearing Loss
➤ Problem in outer/middle ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
➤ Inner ear/auditory nerve damage
Cochlear Implant
➤ Bypasses damaged hair cells
➤ Restores hearing, not balance

Procedure	Purpose
FESS	Opens sinuses via endoscope
Caldwell-Luc	Access maxillary sinus
Balloon Sinuplasty	Minimally invasive sinus dilation
Nasal Polypectomy	Removes airflow-blocking polyps

Type	Common Use Case
Topical	Surface numbing (eye surgeries)
Local	Small area (injection)
Regional	Larger body part (e.g., nerve block)
General	Full sedation (complex ENT surgeries)