DRRR

Earthquake Facts

  • Primary Cause of Tectonic Earthquakes:

    • Movement or shifting of tectonic plates.

  • Foreshocks:

    • Series of light shakings that occur before the main earthquake.

  • Philippines Vulnerability to Earthquakes:

    • Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

  • Earthquake Survival Kit (NOT Recommended):

    • Heated blanket and heaters.

Tsunami Facts

  • Definition of Tsunami:

    • A wave or series of waves caused by bulk dislocation of sea or lake water.

  • Common Trigger of Tsunamis:

    • Undersea earthquakes causing ocean floor displacement.

  • High-Risk Communities for Tsunamis:

    • Those living less than 50 feet above sea level and within one mile of the shoreline.

  • If Caught by a Tsunami in a High-Rise:

    • Go to the highest floor and stay there.

  • Natural Sign Preceding Tsunami:

    • Water level receding abnormally from the shoreline.

Volcanic Hazards

  • Definition of a Volcano:

    • A rent or rupture in the earth's layer where liquefied rock erupts.

  • Pyroclastic Flow:

    • A high-density mixture of dry, hot fragments of rock and gases moving at high speeds.

  • Definition of Lahar:

    • A flowing mixture of water and volcanic rock fragments down river valleys.

  • Hazard Creating Acid Rain:

    • Volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide.

  • Recommendation During Eruption (Wet Cloth):

    • Protect against breathing in volcanic ash.

  • After Tsunami/Volcanic Eruption Recommendation:

    • Stay away from damaged areas until authorities declare it safe.

Landslide Information

  • Primary Cause of Rainfall-Induced Landslides:

    • Prolonged rainfall leading to soil destabilization.

  • Typical Environment for These Landslides:

    • Mountainous areas with a rainy climate.

  • Soil Changes During Landslides:

    • Soil grains are crushed along a sliding surface.

  • Another Name for Sinkholes:

    • Wallet snake hole.

  • Natural Formation of Sinkholes:

    • Chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks.

  • Terrain Most Vulnerable to Sinkholes:

    • Karst terrain.

  • Human Activities Triggering Sinkholes:

    • Over-extraction of subsurface fluids like groundwater.

  • Type of Sinkhole Forming Abruptly:

    • Dissolution sinkholes.

  • Common Sign of Sinkhole Formation:

    • Holes or concentric cracks in the ground.

  • Best Advice for Residents of Sinkhole Areas:

    • Consider moving to a safer place.

Fire Safety

  • Fire Triangle Explanation:

    • If one side is removed, the fire is extinguished.

  • Primary Element of Fire NOT Included:

    • Nitrogen.

  • Definition of Fire:

    • Technically defined as a rapid oxidation process.

  • Danger of Smoke vs. Flames:

    • Smoke obstructs vision and escape paths.

  • Heat in the Fire Triangle:

    • Acts as the source of ignition.

  • Stove Safety:

    • Never leave it unattended while in use.

  • Risk from Frayed Charger Wires:

    • Falls under faulty wiring hazard.

  • Importance of Cleaning Lint Filter in Dryers:

    • Lint is highly flammable and can ignite.

  • Avoidances with Electric Blankets:

    • Avoid all mentioned misuses.

  • Tip for Light Fixtures:

    • Keep lampshades away from bulbs to prevent heat build-up.

  • Storage of Flammable Liquids:

    • Should be away from heat and properly labeled.

  • Child Safety with Fire Tools:

    • Keep matches and lighters out of reach.

  • Hazard of Long Sleeves in Kitchen:

    • Can catch on flames from gas.

  • Pre-Season Electric Blanket Check:

    • Inspect for wear and tear before colder months.

  • Suspected Overheating Blankets:

    • Have checked by an authorized repairer.

  • Fire Alarm Response:

    • First rule is to not panic.

  • P.A.S.S. Acronym (Fire Extinguishers):

    • "A" stands for Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.

  • Crawl or Stay Low During Exit:

    • To stay below smoke and heat.

  • Closed Door Safety Check:

    • Feel the door and cracks with the back of the hand to check for heat.

  • Sealing Cracks If Trapped:

    • Use duct tape, wet towels or clothing.

  • Elevator Use in Fire:

    • Never use, as it can trap you or become a chimney.

  • Glass Breakage During Fire Evacuation:

    • Break glass to exit if needed.

  • Stove Fire Safety Tip:

    • Cover the flame with a lid to extinguish it safely.

  • Signal Action If Trapped:

    • Use a light-colored cloth like a white t-shirt to signal firefighters.

  • Response to Uncontrollable Fire Size:

    • Put the extinguisher down and leave immediately.

Hazard Definitions

  • Technological Hazard:

    • Hazards from industrial accidents or infrastructure failures.

  • Chemical Spill Causes:

    • Often due to negligence or improper usage.

  • Response to Ingested Chemicals:

    • Induce vomiting and take starch or milk.

  • Why Not to Use Water on Chemical Spills:

    • It may cause further chemical disturbance or reactions.

  • Toxic Fume Inhalation Prevention:

    • Cover nose with a wet cloth when dealing with chemicals.

  • Safety Gear for Handling Chemicals in Labs:

    • Always wear a mask and gloves.

  • Chemical Storage Safety:

    • Store chemicals away from heat, friction, and sunlight.

  • Initial Response to Chemical Spill:

    • Stay calm and vacate the room immediately.

  • Socioeconomic Hazard:

    • Conditions that threaten well-being of communities.

  • Great Irish Potato Famine:

    • An example of food insecurity as a historical socioeconomic hazard.

  • Large-Scale Disruptions:

    • Technology failures exemplified by power grid failures or banking system collapses.

  • Forms of Deviance:

    • Formal deviance: Crime violations.

    • Informal deviance: Violation of unwritten social rules.

    • Primary deviance: Acts where individuals do not see themselves as delinquents.

    • Positive deviance: Over-conforming or breaking norms for societal benefit.

    • Arson: Willful or malicious burning of property.

    • Voyeurism: Violating privacy through surveillance without consent.

    • Labor exploitation: Forcing individuals to work long hours with no compensation.

Community-Based Disaster Management Principles

  • Proactive Principle:

    • Emphasis on pre-disaster measures for prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.

  • Hyogo Framework for Action II:

    • A strategic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks to hazards, promoting systematic action to manage disaster risk.

Essay Prompt Instructions

  • Essay Requirements:

    • Choose a cult and compose a ten-sentence essay addressing:

    • A. What is it?

    • B. When and how did it happen?

    • C. Why is it a security hazard?

    • D. How did it affect the nation?

Examples of Cults and Security Hazards

  • The People’s Temple (Jonestown):

    • Led by Jim Jones, a Christian sect promoting racial integration.

    • Migrated to Guyana for a socialist utopia called Jonestown.

    • Culminated in a mass murder-suicide after an assassination of a Congressman in 1978.

    • Demonstrates total control by a charismatic leader over thousands.

    • Shocked the U.S. and led to a large investigation into remote communes.

  • NXIVM (The “Self-Help” Cult):

    • Began as a multi-level marketing company in the late 1990s.

    • Secretly harbored a master-slave hierarchy called DOS.

    • Utilized blackmail and collateral to maintain control over members.

    • Highlighted security issues with its legal harassment and political infiltration.

    • Prompted national debates on legal definitions of sex trafficking.

  • The Branch Davidians (Waco):

    • An apocalyptic Seventh-day Adventist sect led by David Koresh.

    • Involved in a significant standoff with the ATF in 1993 due to weapons stockpiling.

    • Resulted in a tragic fire post-standoff.

    • Created a legacy of polarization and contributed to the militia movement's rise.

  • Aum Shinrikyo (The Doomsday Terror Cult):

    • Blended mysticism with apocalyptic predictions, led by Shoko Asahara.

    • Released sarin gas in the Tokyo subway in 1995.

    • First non-state actor to utilize chemical weapons successfully in an urban environment.

    • Created a national sense of insecurity and led to comprehensive anti-terrorism law reform.

  • Scientology:

    • Founded by L. Ron Hubbard in the 1950s, based on the principles of Dianetics.

    • Expanded aggressively, integrating high-profile celebrities into its ranks.

    • Considered a security hazard due to its flashiness and history of infiltrating government offices.

    • Sparked debates regarding the limits of religious tax exemptions and organizational legal protections.