Unit 3 American History (copy)
Presidents:
George Washington (1732-1799) - No party, 2 terms (1789-1797)
John Adams (1735-1826) - Federalist, 1 term (1797-1801)
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) - Democratic Republican, 2 terms (1801-1809)
James Madison (1751-1836) - Democratic Republican, 2 terms (1809-1817)
James Monroe (1758 - 1831) - National Republican, 2 terms (1817-1825)
John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) - National Republican, 1 term (1817-1848)
Principles of the Constitution:
Popular Sovereignty: The people are the only source of the governments power
Limited Government: The government has only the powers that the constitution gives it
Separation of Powers: The governments power is divided among 3 branches: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
Federalism: Federal and state governments share power
Checks and Balances: Each branch of government has the power to limit the actions of the others
Representative Government: Citizens elect representatives to government to make laws
Washington’s Precedents
Who - George Washington, Us Citizens, Political Systems
What - Precedents set
When - 1789-1797
Where - United States
What Happened -Washington did things as presidents that became tradition
Why is it important - Because they shaped the role of presidents and set the tone
Precedents - The cabinet, Judiciary, two term limit, farewell address (no political parties), Neutrality
Washinton’’s Cabinet:
The state department - Thomas Jefferson - Conducts foreign policy
Secretary of the Treasury - Alexander Hamilton - Manages the nations finances
Secretary of war - Henry Knox
Attorney General - Edmund Randolph
Alien and Sedition Acts
Who - Federalists, Democratic Republicans, Immigrants, Citizens
What - Made it illegal to talk against the government
When - 1798, John Adams Presidency
Where - United States
What Happened - Federalists created acts to undermine support for the Democratic Republicans. Deported aliens and charged them with sedition
Why is it significant - Violates the Bill of Rights (1st Amendment)
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
2 goals -
1. Pay off the nations war debt
2. Redistribute from farmers to merchants and from the south to the North
excise tax - sales tax
tariff - tax on imported goods
Significance - it is the first direct stab against a group inside the country
Foreign Affairs
George Washington - Impressment, Jay Treaty
John Adams - XYZ Affair
Thomas Jefferson - Marbury v Madison, Embargo Act, Barbury War
James Madison - War of 1812
Impressment = forced service into another countries military (kidnapping)
Jay Treaty = Washington sends John Jay to Britain to negotiate 3 things:
Impressment/attacks on ships
Keeping their forts in the Northwest
Brits arm natives (proxy war)
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions:
Who - James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Citizens of Virginia and Kentucky
When - John Adams Presidency
Where - Virginia and Kentucky
What happened - Declared the Alien and Sedition acts unconstitutional. Madison and Jefferson nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts
Significance - Sets precedent that states can nullify federal laws they deem unconstitutional. Sets up the idea that state law is greater than federal law.
War of 1812:
Who - Britain, U.S., James Madison, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison
When - James Madison’s Presidency: 1812-1814
Where - Canada, US: Atlantic Ocean, Northwest territory
Causes - Impressment, attacks on our ships, British arming Native Americans (proxy war), British keeping forts, the war hawks (young politicians who supported war with Britain to restore national honor)
Effects - Impressment ends, attacks on ships end, proxy war ends, British give up their forts, America gains respect and Britain recognizes us as a nation
Battle of New Orleans:
Andrew Jackson = Hero
The British loose due to casualties
Conquers the Creeks + the Seminole
Fought 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent (ended the war of 1812)
The Hartford Convention:
Who - The federalists, Americans
When - 1814
Where - Hartford Connecticut
What happened - They met to consider ceding from the union and make peace with Britain
Significance - People look at Federalists like traitors (death to the federalist party)
W - Wisconsin
O - Ohio
I - Illinois
I - Indiana
M - Michigan
M - Minnesota
Vocabulary:
Louisiana Purchase - The tract of land that doubled the size of the US purchased from France by Thomas Jefferson
Federalists - Favored strong federal government
Articles of Confederation - has no Bill of Rights, favors states rights, and considered weak because it limited federal government in its powers
Loose Construction - relying on the constitutions implied powers rather than those strictly spelled out
Democratic Republicans - Favored state rights
The Whiskey Rebellion - Hamilton and Washington sent troops to Pennsylvania to stop farmers from rebelling over a tax placed on whiskey
The Judiciary Act of 1789 - Established the supreme court and the lower courts system
Tecumseh - Shawnee native american warrior who spearheaded sprititual and military movement among native americans in the ohio valley
John Jay - First Supreme Court Justice
John Marshall - Supreme court justice who set the precedent of judicial review
Pickney Treaty - Made with spain that set the northern boundary of Florida and gave the US access to the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans
Great Compromise - United the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan and led to the creation of the constitution