Comprehensive TOEFL Preparation and Advanced English Master Guide

Advanced English Grammar, Tenses, and Verb Structures

• Past Simple vs. Present Perfect Usage Rules:

  • The Past Simple tense is used for actions completed at a definite, specific time in the past (e.g., $I\,\text{stayed}\,in\,Paris\,in\,1999$).
  • The Present Perfect tense is used when an action occurred at an unstated or indefinite time in the past, or when a past action has direct relevance to the present.
  • The Present Perfect Continuous tense (formed with $have/has\,been + -ing$) describes an action that started at a specific point in the past and continues into the present moment (e.g., $I\,\text{have\,been\,living}\,there\,since\,1999$).
  • Duration from a past arrival up to the present using non-continuous verbs is expressed with the Present Perfect accompanied by duration prepositions (e.g., $I\,\text{have\,lived}\,here\,for\,6\,years$).

• Modal Verbs: Distinguishing 'Will' and 'Shall':

  • I will explicitly signifies volition, intent, or personal choice ($\text{"I want to"}$).
  • I shall is used to make statements about future time or obligation ($\text{"about the future"}$).
  • Grammatical distinction example: A speaker crying $\text{"I will drown!"}$ strictly expresses a personal desire to drown, whereas $\text{"I shall drown!"}$ indicates an impending future event beyond control.

• Gerund vs. Infinitive Patterns:

  • Direct imperatives use base verb forms without prepositions (e.g., $\text{"Stop me if I've told you this before"}$).
  • Subjunctive or wish formulations express unrealized conditions (e.g., $\text{"Sometimes I wish I knew what the future holds"}$).
  • Verbs of trial/effort:
  • $Try + \text{gerund (-ing)}$ means experimenting with a method (e.g., $\text{"Try pushing the door really hard"}$).
  • $Try + \text{infinitive (to + verb)}$ means making an effort to accomplish a goal (e.g., $\text{"Try to learn these irregular verbs"}$).
  • Appreciation and forward-looking expressions require gerund objects (e.g., $\text{"appreciate your helping me"}$, $\text{"look forward to seeing you"}$).

• Prepositions of Time and Date:

  • At is strictly required for exact times of day and specific temporal points: $at\,3\,am$, $at\,3\,pm$, $at\,noon$, $at\,midnight$.
  • In is required for months, seasons, years, centuries, and general time periods: $in\,the\,winter$, $in\,April$, $in\,the\,summer\,months$, $in\,three\,weeks$, $in\,2002$, $in\,the\,future$, $in\,the\,morning$, $in\,the\,seventeenth\,century$.
  • On is required for days of the week, specific calendar dates, and named holidays: $on\,Christmas\,Day$, $on\,Monday\,morning$, $on\,the\,weekend$, $on\,July\,3$, $on\,Valentine's\,Day$, $on\,Saturday\,night$, $on\,Independence\,Day$, $on\,Wednesday\,night$.
  • Zero Preposition (None required): Expressions containing $this$, $last$, $next$, $yesterday$, $tomorrow$, or relative time qualifiers require no preposition: $this\,evening$, $this\,year$, $last\,year$, $next\,week$, $yesterday$, $the\,day\,after\,tomorrow$, $two\,months\,ago$, $today$, $tonight$, $one\,week\,ago$, $next\,month$, $tomorrow\,evening$.

Advanced Vocabulary, Word Usage, and Homophones

• Precision in Vocabulary & Word Choice:

  • $Accrue$: To accumulate or grow over time (e.g., interest accruing on investments).
  • $Abstemious$: Moderation in eating and drinking; self-restrained.
  • $Abstruse$: Difficult to understand; obscure or esoteric.
  • $Adamant$: Unyielding; refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind.
  • $Adage$: A traditional saying expressing a common observation or general truth.
  • $Accede$: To agree or yield to a demand, request, or treaty.
  • $Incessant$: Continuing without pause or interruption.
  • $Inadvertent$: Unintentional; resulting from a lack of attention.
  • $Lucid$: Expressed clearly; easy to understand.
  • $Loiter$: To stand or wait around without apparent purpose.
  • $Lunge$: A sudden forward thrust or plunge.
  • $Proverbial$: Well-known due to stereotypical frequency or traditional wisdom.
  • $Quirk$: A peculiar behavioral habit or personality trait.

• Commonly Confused Words and Homophones:

  • Affect vs. Effect:
  • $Affect$ is primarily a verb meaning to influence.
  • $Effect$ is primarily a noun meaning a change that is a result or consequence of an action ($\text{"an effect on Europe"}$).
  • Principal vs. Principle:
  • $Principal$: Most important, main, or a head official.
  • $Principle$: A fundamental truth, rule, or belief ($\text{"the principle point"}$).
  • Fewer vs. Less:
  • $Fewer$ is used for countable nouns.
  • $Less$ is used for uncountable quantities or abstract concepts ($\text{"less political upheaval"}$).
  • Who vs. Whose vs. Who's:
  • $Who$: Relative pronoun for people acting as subjects ($\text{"a General who was known"}$).
  • $Whose$: Possessive relative pronoun.
  • $Who's$: Contraction of "who is" or "who has".
  • Beside vs. Besides:
  • $Beside$: At the side of or next to.
  • $Besides$: In addition to ($\text{"Besides that"}$).
  • Illusion vs. Allusion:
  • $Illusion$: A false idea or belief; optical deception.
  • $Allusion$: An indirect reference.
  • Aide vs. Aid:
  • $Aide$: An assistant to an official or professional ($\text{"personal aide"}$).
  • $Aid$: Help or support.
  • Bawl vs. Ball:
  • $Bawl$: To cry or shout noisily ($\text{"bawled when her mother told her no"}$).

Comprehensive Phrasal Verbs Guide

• Alphabetical Master List of Phrasal Verbs & Meanings:
  • $Act\,like$: To imitate the behavior of someone.
  • $Add\,up$: To make sense or calculate correctly.
  • $Ask\,out$: To invite someone on a romantic date.
  • $Back\,down$: To withdraw a claim, demand, or commitment in a negotiation.
  • $Back\,off$: To retreat or step away from an aggressive position.
  • $Back\,up$: To drive a vehicle in reverse; to support an assertion.
  • $Blow\,up$: To explode or burst into anger.
  • $Bring\,up$: To introduce a topic into discussion.
  • $Brush\,up\,on$: To review and refresh one's knowledge of a skill.
  • $Burn\,up$: To feel extreme heat or sensation (e.g., anger or fever).
  • $Butt\,in$: To interrupt a conversation rudely.
  • $Butter\,up$: To flatter someone to gain a personal advantage.
  • $Call\,off$: To cancel an event or command animals to stand down.
  • $Care\,for$: To like or enjoy (frequently used in negative constructs).
  • $Catch\,on$: To understand or comprehend a concept.
  • $Catch\,up$: To reach the same point or standard as others after falling behind.
  • $Check\,in / Check\,into$: To register arrival at a hotel, airport, or facility.
  • $Check\,out$: To vacate and settle bills at a hotel; to inspect.
  • $Cheer\,up$: To make or become happier.
  • $Chicken\,out$: To refrain from doing something due to fear.
  • $Chip\,in$: To contribute money or assistance toward a joint goal.
  • $Clam\,up$: To refuse to speak or fall completely silent.
  • $Come\,across$: To project a specific impression; to find by chance.
  • $Come\,down\,with$: To become ill with a specific sickness.
  • $Count\,on$: To rely or depend upon someone.
  • $Crack\,down\,on$: To enforce laws or rules strictly.
  • $Cut\,down\,on$: To reduce consumption or usage.
  • $Drag\,on$: To continue unnecessarily for an extended duration.
  • $Draw\,up$: To formulate or draft official documents or plans.
  • $Drop\,by / Drop\,in$: To pay an informal, brief visit.
  • $Drop\,out$: To withdraw from a school, course, or competition prior to completion.
  • $End\,up$: To reach a final state, outcome, or location.
  • $Fall\,through$: To fail to materialize or collapse (e.g., business deals).
  • $Figure\,out$: To solve, comprehend, or discover a solution.
  • $Fill\,in$: To substitute for an absent person.
  • $Fill\,out$: To complete official administrative forms.
  • $Get\,along$: To maintain a harmonious relationship with someone.
  • $Get\,around$: To move from place to place within an area.
  • $Get\,around\,to$: To finally find time to complete a task.
  • $Get\,by$: To manage or survive with minimal resources.
  • $Get\,rid\,of$: To eliminate or dispose of something.
  • $Goof\,off$: To waste time or engage in playful idleness.
  • $Hand\,in$: To submit completed work to an authority.
  • $Hang\,up$: To terminate a telephone call.
  • $Iron\,out$: To resolve minor details or problems.
  • $Jack\,up$: To raise prices sharply and abruptly.
  • $Kick\,out$: To expel someone from an institution or location.
  • $Lay\,off$: To terminate employment due to operational or financial constraints.
  • $Look\,after$: To take care of someone or something.
  • $Look\,down\,on$: To regard others with contempt or superiority.
  • $Look\,forward\,to$: To anticipate a future event with pleasure.
  • $Look\,into$: To investigate or examine a situation thoroughly.
  • $Make\,fun\,of$: To mock or ridicule someone.
  • $Make\,out$: To decipher or discern with difficulty.
  • $Make\,up$: To reconcile after an argument; to invent a story.
  • $Make\,up\,for$: To compensate for past errors or deficiencies.
  • $Nod\,off$: To fall asleep inadvertently while seated.
  • $Pass\,away$: Euphemism meaning to die.
  • $Pass\,out$: To lose consciousness temporarily.
  • $Pick\,on$: To bully or single out someone unfairly.
  • $Pitch\,in$: To join forces to assist in a communal task.
  • $Pull\,it\,off$: To succeed in accomplishing a difficult task.
  • $Put\,off$: To postpone or delay an event.
  • $Put\,up\,with$: To tolerate or endure unpleasant conditions.
  • $Run\,into$: To meet someone unexpectedly.
  • $Run\,out\,of$: To deplete the supply of a necessary commodity.
  • $Set\,back$: To cause a temporary delay or financial cost.
  • $Set\,off$: To embark on a journey.
  • $Stand\,for$: To represent or symbolize (e.g., acronyms).
  • $Stand\,out$: To be highly visible or distinguished.
  • $Stand\,up\,for$: To defend or advocate for a principle or person.
  • $Take\,after$: To resemble an ancestor or parent in appearance or traits.
  • $Take\,off$: To depart from the ground (aviation); to leave rapidly.
  • $Take\,up$: To begin a new hobby or area of study.
  • $Turn\,down$: To reject an offer, invitation, or application.
  • $Turn\,off$: To cause distaste or loss of interest.
  • $Turn\,on$: To cause excitement or strong interest.
  • $Wear\,out$: To erode or become unusable through heavy use.
  • $Work\,out$: To engage in physical exercise; to resolve successfully.
  • $Wrap\,up$: To conclude a meeting or event.

Idiomatic Expressions, Fixed Phrases, and Conversational Mechanics

• Idioms Involving Crying:

  • $Crying\,over\,spilled\,milk$: Regretting past unchangeable events.
  • $Crying\,shame$: A situation that is deeply disappointing or unfair.
  • $Crybaby$: A person who complains or weeps excessively over minor issues.
  • $Cry\,out\,for$: To desperately need a specific addition or remedy.
  • $Cry\,off$: To withdraw from an agreement or commitment at the last moment.
  • $For\,crying\,out\,loud$: An exclamation of exasperation or annoyance.
  • $Crying\,for\,the\,moon$: Asking for or expecting the impossible.
  • $Cry\,wolf$: To raise false alarms repeatedly, causing eventual disbelief when actual danger occurs.
  • $A\,far\,cry\,from$: Very different from something else.
  • $In\,full\,cry$: Pursuing an objective with noisy intensity.

• Expressions Related to Losing Control or Position ("Losing It"):

  • $Lose\,face$: To suffer humiliation or loss of respect.
  • $Lose\,ground$: To forfeit advantage, progress, or market share.
  • $Lose\,heart$: To become discouraged or lose courage.
  • $Lose\,one's\,grip$: To forfeit control or managing capability over a situation.
  • $Lose\,one's\,head$: To panic or react irrationally under pressure.
  • $Lose\,sleep\,over$: To worry or feel anxiety over a problem.
  • $Lose\,track\,of$: To cease being informed or aware of progress.
  • $Lost\,cause$: A hopeless attempt or venture with no possibility of success.
  • $Lost\,on$: Unappreciated or misunderstood by a listener.
  • $Playing\,a\,losing\,game$: Engaging in an enterprise bound to fail.
  • $Lose\,one's\,cool$: To lose temper and express anger outward.
  • $Lose\,one's\,marbles$: To lose mental sanity or act irrationally.
  • $Lose\,one's\,nerve$: To lose courage at the critical moment.
  • $Lose\,one's\,rag$: To fly into a violent rage.
  • $Lose\,one's\,touch$: To lose a previously held skill or talent.
  • $Lose\,the\,thread$: To lose the logical connection of an argument.

• Idiomatic Speed & Stage Phrases:

  • $Quick\,as\,a\,flash$: Extremely fast.
  • $Quick\,on\,the\,uptake$: Fast at understanding concepts.
  • $Play\,fast\,and\,loose$: To act irresponsibly or deceitfully.
  • $Pull\,a\,fast\,one$: To execute a trick or deception.
  • $Life\,in\,the\,fast\,lane$: A high-pressured, risky, and exciting lifestyle.
  • $Quick\,off\,the\,mark$: Prompt and fast in responding or acting.
  • $Get\,rich\,quick$: Seeking rapid financial gain without proportional effort.
  • $Make\,a\,fast\,buck$: Earning money rapidly, often questionable ethically.
  • $Full\,steam\,ahead$: Proceeding with maximum energy and momentum.
  • $More\,haste\,less\,speed$: Hurrying leads to mistakes that slow progress.
  • $All\,the\,world's\,a\,stage$: Classical reference to life as theatrical performance.
  • $In\,its\,early\,stages$: At the beginning of a process.
  • $In\,easy\,stages$: Step-by-step or in manageable increments.
  • $Reach\,the\,stage$: To arrive at a decision point.
  • $Stage\,fright$: Anxiety experienced before performing in public.
  • $Stage\,whisper$: A loud whisper intended to be overheard.
  • $Stage\,hand$: A worker assisting behind the scenes in a theater.
  • $Stage\,struck$: Fascinated by and obsessed with performing in theater.
  • $Stage\,managed$: Carefully planned or manipulated for public effect.

• Pairings and Short Idiomatic Formulas:

  • $Friend\,or\,foe$: Ally or enemy.
  • $Body\,and\,soul$: Entire physical and spiritual self.
  • $Without\,rhyme\,or\,reason$: Lacking logic, order, or rationale.
  • $Wear\,and\,tear$: Natural damage resulting from ordinary use.
  • $Head\,over\,heels$: Deeply and hopelessly in love.
  • $Bend\,over\,backwards$: Exerting extraordinary effort to please someone.
  • $Busy\,as\,a\,bee$: Constantly active and hard at work.
  • $Flesh\,and\,blood$: Genetic family or human nature.
  • $Cunning\,as\,a\,fox$: Crafty, shrewd, and deceptive.
  • $Bow\,and\,arrows$: Traditional paired weapon equipment.

• Conversational Mechanics & Social Protocols:

  • Offering assistance: $\text{"Can I give you a hand with that?"} \rightarrow \text{"Sure, that would be great."}$
  • Decline/Uncertainty: $\text{"Are you fed up with your job?"} \rightarrow \text{"Somewhat, but I can't quit right now."}$
  • Incomprehension: $\text{"I just don't follow a single word — I'm afraid it's all Greek to me."}$
  • Requesting Clarification: $\text{"Could you run that past me once more?"}$
  • Expressing Overwhelming Confusion: $\text{"I'm just out of my depth."}$
  • Departing Gracefully: $\text{"If you don't mind, I think we'll be cutting along."}$, $\text{"All good things come to an end."}$
  • Agreement Formulations: $\text{"I'm with you on that"}$, $\text{"see eye to eye"}$, $\text{"of one mind"}$, $\text{"let's shake on that"}$.

Business, Management, and Economic English

• Inventory Accounting & Valuation:

  • $Inventory\,on\,hand$: The total tangible goods held in stock that are not yet sold and remain recorded as assets.
  • $Expensed$: Inventory costs cannot be expensed on financial statements until the product is sold.
  • Valuation Approaches:
  • $Historical\,Cost$: Valuation based on original acquisition price.
  • $Specific\,Identification$: Tracking the actual individual item and its exact cost flow.
  • $Weighted\,Average$: Total cost of inventory items divided by total unit quantity at the end of an accounting period.
  • $Moving\,Average$: Recalculating average inventory cost at the time of each individual sale.
  • $FIFO\,(First-In,\,First-Out)$: Presumes the oldest stock items are sold first.
  • $LIFO\,(Last-In,\,First-Out)$: Presumes the most recently acquired stock items are sold first.
  • $FILO\,(First-In,\,Last-Out)$: Presumes older items are held continuously in inventory.
  • $FEFO\,(First-Expired,\,First-Out)$: Prioritizes selling goods with nearest expiration dates to prevent spoilage.

• Job Advertising, Hiring, and Interviewing:

  • $Niche\,sites$: Industry-specific websites offering targeted pools of qualified candidates.
  • $Screening\,interview$: The preliminary interview step used to confirm basic qualifications on a candidate's resume.
  • $Selection\,interview$: Evaluates whether a candidate's skills and personality fit into the existing organizational culture.
  • $Group\,interview$: Designed to distinguish natural leaders from followers among multiple applicants simultaneously.
  • $Panel\,interview$: A candidate is questioned by multiple interviewers at the same time, requiring eye contact with each panelist.
  • $Stress\,interview$: Uses bizarre questions or deliberate silence to weed out applicants who cannot handle adverse conditions.

• Management, Promotion, and Leadership:

  • $Maturity$: The capacity to make objective business decisions affecting company outcomes without personal emotion.
  • $Game\,plan$: A pre-formulated strategy established by a manager prior to daily operations.
  • Professional boundary rule: $\text{"Familiarity breeds contempt"}$ dictates that managers should build office $allies$ while remaining friendly yet $impersonal$.
  • $Micromanagement$: Obsessive control where a supervisor double-checks all work; overcome through clear communication, establishing a complete $paper\,trail$, and focusing on swaying opinions rather than force.
  • $Operations\,Management$: Utilizes standardized documents, document versioning, operational monitoring reports, and delegation (assigning task responsibility, granting resource authority, and sharing joint $accountability$).

• Pricing, SKUs, and Marketing Strategies:

  • $SKU\,(Stock-Keeping\,Unit)$: A unique combination of product quality, price, container size, color, model, and name.
  • $Odd\,pricing$: Setting prices ending in odd numbers (e.g., $19.95) to create a psychological perception of a substantial bargain.
  • $Even\,pricing$: Setting whole-number prices (e.g., $10.00, $50.00) used by prestigious luxury brands.
  • $Multiple\,unit\,pricing$: Incentivizing higher quantity purchases by offering volume savings at the point of sale.
  • Marketing objective: Converting prospective customers who are $ready,\,willing,\,and\,able\,to\,buy$ into repeat customers.

• Transfer Pricing & Tax Strategy:

  • $Transfer\,price$: The intra-company price charged when one entity of a multinational firm transfers goods, services, or know-how to another overseas branch.
  • $Arbitrary\,valuation$: Setting transfer prices unrelated to operational costs to artificially shift tax liabilities.
  • $Tax\,avoidance$: Legal reduction of tax liability through book entries, as distinguished from illegal tax evasion.
  • $Shortfall$: Deficit created in government revenue when corporations reduce tax liability, shifting fiscal burden to general taxpayers.

Legal English and Jurisprudence Terminology

• Law of Contracts:

  • $Contract$: A legally enforceable promise creating self-imposed duties between parties.
  • $Breach$: The failure to execute a contractual obligation without legal excuse.
  • $Adequate\,Consideration$: A benefit or value bargained for and received by a party that reasonably induces them to enter into a contract.
  • $Gratuitous\,promises$: Unenforceable promises that are purely gifts, as personal satisfaction alone does not constitute adequate consideration.
  • $Promissory\,Estoppel$: Enforcement of a promise lacking formal contract status if a recipient relied on it to their substantial $detriment$.

• Tort Law:

  • $Tort$: A civil wrong recognized by law as valid grounds for a lawsuit resulting in injury or harm.
  • Categories of Torts:
  • $Intentional\,torts$: Deliberate harmful acts (e.g., assault, battery, trespass, intentional infliction of emotional distress).
  • $Negligent\,torts$: Harm caused by failing to exercise reasonable care or obey safety rules.
  • $Strict\,liability\,torts$: Legal responsibility for damages regardless of fault or intent (e.g., selling defective products).
  • Legal Remedies & Damages:
  • $Injunction$: A court order compelling a party to cease or refrain from a specific tortious action.
  • $Compensatory\,damages$: Monetary recovery designed to redress actual loss or injury suffered.
  • $Punitive\,damages$: Financial awards designed specifically to punish a wrongdoer and deter similar conduct.
  • $Nominal\,damages$: Token awards (e.g., $1.00) acknowledging a legal rights violation where no actual financial loss occurred.
  • $Prudent\,person\,standard$: The standard of care expected from a reasonable, cautious individual under similar circumstances.

• Products Liability Law:

  • Responsibility spanning the full $chain\,of\,manufacture$ (component maker, assembly plant, wholesaler, retailer).
  • Types of Product Defects:
  • $Inherent / Design\,defects$: Products manufactured as intended, but whose design renders them unreasonably dangerous.
  • $Manufacturing\,defects$: Flaws occurring during construction affecting only a tiny fraction of total produced units.
  • $Marketing\,defects$: Improper instructions or failures to warn users of $latent$ (hidden) hazards.

Domain-Specific Terminology: Aviation, Banking, and Energy

• Airport and Aviation Terminology:

  • $Aisle\,seat$: Seating adjacent to the central airplane walkway, preferred over or contrasted with window seats.
  • $Baggage\,claim\,area$: Airport zone where arriving passengers retrieve checked luggage.
  • $Boarding\,pass$: Card required by flight attendants granting permission to enter the aircraft.
  • $Carry-on$: Luggage allowed inside the cabin, stowed under the seat or in the $overhead\,compartment$.
  • $Cockpit$: Forward compartment where pilots and co-pilots control aircraft operations.
  • $Flight\,attendant$: Cabin crew providing safety briefings and emergency exit instructions prior to take-off.
  • $Gate$: Designated area of the airport terminal for departure and connecting flights.
  • $Metal\,detector$: Security screening device used to identify concealed metallic objects.

• Banking and Financial Terminology:

  • $Traveler's\,checks$: Pre-printed, fixed-amount checks used as a safe alternative to cash while traveling.
  • $Bounced\,check$: A check returned unpaid due to non-sufficient funds ($NSF\,charges$).
  • $Line\,of\,credit$: Flexible financing option allowing borrowers to access funds up to an approved credit limit.
  • $Safety\,deposit\,box$: Secure rented storage box within a bank vault for valuable items and legal papers.
  • $Debit\,card$: Payment card linked directly to a checking account for point-of-sale purchases and automated ATM withdrawals.
  • $Mortgage$: A specialized loan secured by real property, frequently requiring $pre-approval$ prior to real estate shopping.

• Natural Gas & Energy Sector:

  • Market pricing fluctuates rapidly in response to $tight\,supplies$ caused by harsh winters or production limitations.
  • $Working\,gas\,in\,storage$: Natural gas held in underground reservoirs ready for extraction and delivery.
  • $Liquefied\,Natural\,Gas\,(LNG)$: Natural gas converted to liquid form for ease of international storage and transport.
  • Operational constraint: When pipeline transportation is unavailable, natural gas wells must be $capped$ or the gas $flared$.

United States Civics, Government, and Judicial Systems

• Foundational Rights & Constitutional Concepts:

  • $First\,Amendment$: Guarantees freedom of the press and freedom of speech.
  • $Natural\,rights$: Inalienable rights (life, liberty, property) as conceptualized by philosopher John Locke.
  • $Prohibition$: Historical constitutional law banning production, sale, and transport of alcohol (repealed 1933).
  • $Separation\,of\,powers$: Dividing governance into three distinct branches to prevent concentration of power.
  • $Shared\,powers$: Powers held concurrently by both federal and state governments.
  • $Reserved\,powers$: Powers mandated strictly to individual states under the Constitution.

• Branches and Functions of Government:

  • Legislative Branch (US Congress):
  • Composed of two houses: The $House\,of\,Representatives$ and the $Senate$.
  • Key powers: Drafting, analyzing, and passing $bills$; levying and collecting taxes.
  • Executive Branch (President & Departments):
  • $Veto\,power$: Presidential authority to reject passed congressional bills.
  • Succession: The $Vice-President$ assumes office if the President is incapacitated.
  • Appointment power: Appointing ambassadors and Supreme Court judges.
  • Cabinet Departments:
    • $Department\,of\,Commerce$: Manages business, trade, and economic growth.
    • $Department\,of\,the\,Interior$: Manages natural resource sustainability and conservation.
    • $Department\,of\,Veterans\,Affairs$: Administers services for military veterans.
    • $Department\,of\,Labor$: Oversees employee standards and minimum wage policies.
    • $Department\,of\,Energy$: Manages energy resources and conservation.
    • $Department\,of\,Education$: Handles policies related to students and learning institutions.
    • $Department\,of\,Transportation$: Oversees highways, airports, roads, and transit.
    • $Department\,of\,Agriculture$: Supervises farming and food cultivation.
    • $Department\,of\,Defense$: Manages the armed forces.

• Elections, Local Government, and Citizenship:

  • $Zoning$: Local municipal rules defining business vs. residential land allocation.
  • $Sheriff$: Top elected law enforcement official at the county level.
  • $Mayor$: Elected chief executive officer of a city or town.
  • $Platform$: A formal set of principal goals held by a political party before an election.
  • $Absentee\,ballot$: Mail-in vote submitted by a citizen living outside their voting district during an election.
  • $Naturalization$: Legal process granting citizenship to a foreign-born resident, requiring an $oath\,of\,allegiance$.

• The Judicial System:

  • Three Federal Court Levels: $District\,Courts$, $Courts\,of\,Appeals$, and the $Supreme\,Court$.
  • $District\,courts$: Trial courts that utilize judges and juries.
  • $Supreme\,Court$: Consists of nine judges (one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices) appointed by the President, serving as final authority on constitutionality.
  • Key Legal Roles:
  • $Defendant$: The party accused of a crime or sued civilly.
  • $Plaintiff$: The party bringing a lawsuit.
  • $District\,Attorney$: Prosecutor representing the government in criminal cases.
  • $Defense\,Attorney$: Lawyer hired or assigned to defend an accused individual.

Complete TOEFL Preparation Tests Key & Reference Index

• Tests 1 to 10 Solutions:

  • Test 1 (A Collision: Finish this Story): 1-a (going on), 2-c (standing in front of me), 3-c (to move), 4-b (view now), 5-a (collision), 6-c (gone into one another), 7-b (waving their arms about), 8-c (what's happened), 9-b (struck the little blue one), 10-a (belongs to me).
  • Test 2 (A Crying Shame): 1-d (milk), 2-b (shame), 3-c (crybaby), 4-a (for), 5-d (off), 6-b (loud), 7-d (moon), 8-a (wolf), 9-c (far), 10-b (full).
  • Test 3 (A Holiday Report): 1-b (went), 2-c (with), 3-b (must), 4-a (worst), 5-c (learning), 6-b (hard), 7-c (dead), 8-b (Smith), 9-b (thing), 10-a (got).
  • Test 4 (A Night Out): 1-d (movies), 2-b (ages), 3-a (matter), 4-d (supposed), 5-b (surprise), 6-c (fall), 7-d (screen), 8-c (turning), 9-b (Jack), 10-a (same).
  • Test 5 (A Public Figure): 1-c (embattled), 2-b (smokescreen), 3-d (thin), 4-c (curb), 5-a (prompted), 6-b (briefing), 7-c (ranged), 8-b (desert), 9-a (light), 10-d (overshadowed).
  • Test 6 (At the Doctors): 1-b (diagnose), 2-c (referred), 3-b (serious), 4-d (instrument), 5-c (effective), 6-b (appointment), 7-c (assess), 8-d (annually), 9-b (prevent), 10-c (records).
  • Test 7 (Do, make, get, take): 1-c (make), 2-b (get), 3-c (make), 4-c (make), 5-b (get), 6-d (take), 7-c (make), 8-a (do), 9-d (take), 10-b (get).
  • Test 8 (English Advanced Vocabulary Test 1): 1-d (prevented), 2-b (subject), 3-c (acquainted), 4-a (choice), 5-d (delighted), 6-c (infected), 7-c (native), 8-a (prohibits), 9-c (suffers), 10-d (agree).
  • Test 9 (English Advanced Vocabulary Test 2): 1-c (choose), 2-b (demonstrates), 3-a (instead), 4-d (native), 5-c (Allowing), 6-d (choose), 7-a (depend), 8-d (introduced), 9-c (nor), 10-b (protect).
  • Test 10 (English Grammar Tenses 1): 1-b (Does), 2-d (have), 3-c (will), 4-a (had been running), 5-d (had been), 6-c (Do you ever), 7-b (has been), 8-a (went), 9-d (keeps), 10-b (want).

• Tests 11 to 20 Solutions:

  • Test 11 (English Grammar Tenses 2): 1-c (writing), 2-a (promise), 3-d (say), 4-b (mean), 5-c (are), 6-a (give), 7-b (do), 8-d (won't), 9-c (can), 10-b (I'll).
  • Test 12 (Future Tenses): 1-d (will you), 2-c (I'll), 3-c (shall), 4-d (would), 5-a (do), 6-b (shall), 7-c (will), 8-d (Will you), 9-c (will), 10-d (want).
  • Test 13 (Gerund or Infinitive): 1-d (Stop), 2-a (live), 3-c (knew), 4-d (don't), 5-c (go), 6-a (pushing), 7-b (to learn), 8-d (helping), 9-a (seeing), 10-c (finish).
  • Test 14 (High School Vocabulary Test 1): 1-c (adage), 2-d (accrue), 3-b (abstemious), 4-a (complacent), 5-d (abstruse), 6-c (adamant), 7-b (coherent), 8-a (disentangle), 9-d (factions), 10-b (eccentric).
  • Test 15 (High School Vocabulary Test 2): 1-c (based), 2-b (able), 3-d (dates), 4-c (hypothesizing), 5-a (mistook), 6-d (prejudiced), 7-c (same), 8-b (ability), 9-a (because), 10-d (dealing).
  • Test 16 (High School Vocabulary Test 3): 1-c (accede), 2-d (incessant), 3-b (inadvertent), 4-a (lucid), 5-c (loiter), 6-d (lunging), 7-b (malicious), 8-c (proverbial), 9-d (quirks), 10-b (raining).
  • Test 17 (Leave me alone): 1-c (interrupting), 2-a (obvious), 3-b (head), 4-c (concentrate), 5-b (task), 6-c (famous), 7-c (help), 8-b (persist), 9-c (alone), 10-d (peace).
  • Test 18 (Losing It 1): 1-c (face), 2-d (ground), 3-a (heart), 4-d (grip), 5-c (head), 6-b (sleep), 7-d (track), 8-c (cause), 9-b (on), 10-d (game).
  • Test 19 (Losing It 2): 1-c (cool), 2-d (marbles), 3-b (nerve), 4-a (rag), 5-c (touch), 6-d (thread), 7-b (out), 8-c (balance), 9-d (interest), 10-b (nothing).
  • Test 20 (Past Tenses): 1-c (was), 2-b (had done), 3-c (to drive), 4-d (had), 5-a (travel), 6-b (making), 7-c (had), 8-b (would), 9-d (doing), 10-a (to know).

• Tests 21 to 30 Solutions:

  • Test 21 (Popular Idioms): 1-b (twice), 2-c (boils), 3-a (leap), 4-c (hatched), 5-b (white), 6-d (old), 7-a (sleeping), 8-c (hot), 9-d (nothing), 10-a (mouth).
  • Test 22 (Save Our Animals 1): 1-c (about), 2-d (thought), 3-a (ensure), 4-b (aimed), 5-d (figure), 6-c (early), 7-d (as), 8-a (about), 9-b (business), 10-c (ended).
  • Test 23 (Save Our Animals 2): 1-d (objected), 2-c (regarded), 3-a (reason), 4-d (experienced), 5-b (abroad), 6-c (household), 7-d (demonstration), 8-a (simply), 9-c (waste), 10-b (mind).
  • Test 24 (Save Our Animals 3): 1-c (reference), 2-c (honest), 3-a (try), 4-d (dreaming), 5-c (settled), 6-b (still), 7-d (reassured), 8-c (taken), 9-a (controlling), 10-d (aloud).
  • Test 25 (Scandal): 1-c (stain), 2-b (dig), 3-d (fined), 4-a (blown), 5-d (lying), 6-c (cheat), 7-b (topple), 8-a (whiff), 9-c (up), 10-d (completely).
  • Test 26 (Speaking: Political Party): 1-d (invited), 2-b (quiet), 3-c (opponents), 4-d (disputes), 5-a (rally), 6-b (participants), 7-c (presently), 8-b (Admittedly), 9-c (up), 10-a (spite).
  • Test 27 (Speed): 1-c (flash), 2-d (uptake), 3-b (loose), 4-a (pulled), 5-d (lane), 6-c (mark), 7-a (get), 8-b (buck), 9-d (steam), 10-c (haste).
  • Test 28 (Stages): 1-b (world's), 2-d (early), 3-b (easy), 4-c (reached), 5-d (on), 6-c (fright), 7-a (whisper), 8-b (hand), 9-d (struck), 10-b (managed).
  • Test 29 (State Secrets): 1-c (domain), 2-b (backlash), 3-a (high profile), 4-d (speculation), 5-c (savaged), 6-a (signal), 7-b (highlighted), 8-c (transparency), 9-d (pose), 10-c (haven).
  • Test 30 (Student Teacher Dialogue 1): 1-c (to speak), 2-b (well), 3-d (problem), 4-c (easy), 5-a (makes), 6-b (native), 7-d (mean), 8-c (going), 9-b (like), 10-d (sounds).

• Tests 31 to 40 Solutions:

  • Test 31 (Student Teacher Dialogue 2): 1-c (about), 2-b (before), 3-d (most), 4-b (pick), 5-a (remember), 6-c (between), 7-d (however), 8-c (why), 9-d (number), 10-a (enough).
  • Test 32 (Student Teacher Dialogue 3): 1-d (use), 2-a (definite), 3-b (would), 4-d (right), 5-c (about), 6-b (however), 7-a (since), 8-d (too), 9-b (just), 10-c (expression).
  • Test 33 (Testing, Testing): 1-b (time), 2-d (put), 3-a (waters), 4-c (case), 5-b (drive), 6-c (testing), 7-d (pilots), 8-a (tube), 9-c (bed), 10-d (card).
  • Test 34 (Time Expressions): 1-d (bags), 2-a (kill), 3-c (spare), 4-a (hands), 5-c (again), 6-a (good), 7-c (about), 8-d (being), 9-b (flies), 10-c (tell).
  • Test 35 (What Comes Next? 1): 1-a (up to me), 2-c (turn in), 3-c (you were here), 4-d (Greek to me), 5-c (give me a hand), 6-a (blaming me), 7-d (jump in the lake), 8-b (I beg you), 9-c (a burglar in the house), 10-a (give me just one last chance).
  • Test 36 (What Comes Next? 2): 1-c (it's utter rubbish), 2-d (I could eat a horse), 3-b (I'm not that deaf), 4-d (I just can't get through to her), 5-a (I'd simply grab them), 6-c (there's no hope for you), 7-b (you sell up), 8-a (they gave themselves up), 9-d (take your time), 10-c (that's it).
  • Test 37 (What Comes Next? 3): 1-b (I'd bite his hand off), 2-c (you'll have to choose), 3-d (get away with it), 4-b (make your mind up), 5-a (I'm with you all the way), 6-c (I'd appreciate it), 7-d (he'd just walk all over them), 8-b (I bet you did), 9-d (just take no notice of them), 10-a (will you come).
  • Test 38 (What Comes Next? 4): 1-c (I'll have to hurry), 2-b (we'll miss the train), 3-a (so you mustn't dither), 4-d (so we're well behind), 5-a (I'm sure we'll make it), 6-c (because their flight was delayed), 7-b (He who hesitates is lost), 8-a (what has kept them), 9-d (bug me), 10-b (you're on your own).
  • Test 39 (What Comes Next? 5): 1-d (grasp it the first time), 2-a (No, my mind's a complete blank), 3-b (Could you run that past me once more), 4-c (Me too, I'm just out of my depth), 5-a (what I'm on about), 6-d (you've lost me there), 7-b (use less complicated words), 8-c (I'll have a go), 9-a (beyond me), 10-b (singing them).
  • Test 40 (What Comes Next? 6): 1-c (I was thinking of you the other day), 2-b (has prompted me to write this letter), 3-a (we actually met), 4-d (was yesterday), 5-c (chose the priciest item on the menu), 6-d (has stuck in my mind), 7-c (a very modest dish), 8-a (happened), 9-b (surely), 10-c (about time you paid me back).

• Tests 41 to 50 Solutions:

  • Test 41 (Will or Shall?): 1-a (between will and shall), 2-c (got a clue), 3-b (explains the difference), 4-a (means 'I want to'), 5-b (about the future), 6-a (in the country), 7-d (reaches a river), 8-c (in difficulties), 9-b (calling out 'I will drown, I will drown'), 10-c (lets him drown).
  • Test 42 (Yes, Yes, Yes): 1-d (wholly), 2-b (rely), 3-c (with), 4-d (stuck), 5-a (absolutely), 6-b (count), 7-c (waver), 8-b (turned), 9-a (approved), 10-c (blessing).
  • Test 43 (Adverbially Speaking): 1-c (slowly), 2-d (carefully), 3-b (quickly), 4-c (hardly), 5-a (never), 6-d (completely), 7-c (actually), 8-b (repeatedly), 9-d (eventually), 10-a (hotly).
  • Test 44 (Flying on a Plane): 1-c (off), 2-a (frightening), 3-b (play), 4-d (occupied), 5-b (honesty), 6-b (relaxed), 7-c (impression), 8-d (pressure), 9-b (gathered), 10-a (survived).
  • Test 45 (Letter Writing): 1-b (mention), 2-c (layout), 3-a (fold), 4-b (express), 5-d (assemble), 6-c (proof), 7-d (beforehand), 8-c (registered), 9-a (courier), 10-b (complicated).
  • Test 46 (Spin Doctors): 1-a (raised), 2-b (revival), 3-d (settled), 4-a (housed), 5-c (dealings), 6-b (spin), 7-a (progress), 8-a (insurmountable), 9-c (conditioning), 10-b (out).
  • Test 47 (Way of saying goodbye): 1-b (time), 2-d (mind), 3-c (course), 4-a (end), 5-d (having), 6-b (remember), 7-c (miss), 8-a (leave), 9-b (like), 10-d (nothing).
  • Test 48 (Ways of agreeing): 1-b (with), 2-d (like), 3-c (to), 4-a (one), 5-d (argue), 6-b (shake), 7-c (deal), 8-a (confirm), 9-b (whatsoever), 10-d (terms).
  • Test 49 (Ways of approving): 1-c (application), 2-d (worth), 3-a (proposal), 4-b (count), 5-c (wholeheartedly), 6-d (extending), 7-a (rely), 8-b (met), 9-c (by), 10-d (close).
  • Test 50 (Inventories): 1-b (hand), 2-c (expensed), 3-b (historical), 4-c (specific), 5-d (weighted), 6-b (applied), 7-b (FIFO), 8-c (LIFO), 9-d (FILO), 10-a (FEFO).

• Tests 51 to 60 Solutions:

  • Test 51 (Job Advertising): 1-d (specific), 2-c (pool), 3-a (reach), 4-d (traditional), 5-c (integral), 6-d (traffic), 7-a (consuming), 8-d (served), 9-c (rounded), 10-d (more).
  • Test 52 (Job Interviews): 1-c (screening), 2-b (hand), 3-a (fit), 4-b (disrupt), 5-d (leaders), 6-b (held), 7-c (contact), 8-c (weed), 9-c (silence), 10-a (along).
  • Test 53 (Job Promotion): 1-c (move), 2-c (Maturity), 3-b (based), 4-a (sound), 5-c (game), 6-a (come to mind), 7-c (insight), 8-a (breeds), 9-b (allies), 10-a (impersonal).
  • Test 54 (Managerial Decisions): 1-b (alternative), 2-d (Optimization), 3-a (given), 4-b (constraints), 5-a (contract), 6-a (crop), 7-d (vacuum), 8-a (applied microeconomics), 9-b (degree), 10-c (relevant).
  • Test 55 (Marketing Strategies): 1-c (take), 2-c (implementing), 3-d (willing), 4-c (convert), 5-a (referring), 6-d (granted), 7-b (undoing), 8-b (frequency), 9-d (point), 10-c (Repeat).
  • Test 56 (Micromanagement): 1-b (obsessively), 2-a (antennae), 3-c (off), 4-d (second-guessed), 5-c (double-checked), 6-b (unknowingly), 7-d (intervention), 8-a (Coping), 9-c (paper trail), 10-d (sway).
  • Test 57 (Natural Gas Resources): 1-d (tight), 2-d (a seeming), 3-b (little room), 4-a (close), 5-a (gyrations), 6-b (apt), 7-a (bemoaned), 8-a (capped), 9-c (incursions), 10-a (damp).
  • Test 58 (Operations Management): 1-d (counterproductive), 2-b (heavy), 3-c (standardized), 4-d (versions), 5-d (monitor), 6-d (revolutionized), 7-b (conjunction), 8-c (out), 9-a (accountability), 10-b (Evaluation).
  • Test 59 (Products Liability Law): 1-a (chain), 2-c (component), 3-b (inherent), 4-c (stretched), 5-b (enacted), 6-a (serve), 7-c (flawed), 8-a (latent), 9-d (liable), 10-c (prudent).
  • Test 60 (SKUs and Pricing): 1-d (unique), 2-a (brands), 3-c (proliferation), 4-c (erosion), 5-b (demanding), 6-b (whereby), 7-c (substantially), 8-c (prestigious), 9-b (quantity), 10-b (immediate).

• Tests 61 to 70 Solutions:

  • Test 61 (Starting a Business): 1-a (commitment), 2-b (tap into), 3-b (factored), 4-a (impacts), 5-a (garner), 6-d (litigious), 7-a (closely), 8-a (haunt), 9-d (sit down), 10-a (Cover).
  • Test 62 (The Law of Contracts): 1-c (heyday), 2-b (enforce), 3-d (breached), 4-d (arise), 5-d (imposed), 6-c (binding), 7-c (induces), 8-a (gifts), 9-c (detriment), 10-c (encompasses).
  • Test 63 (Tort Law): 1-d (grounds), 2-d (injured), 3-a (relief), 4-a (an injunction), 5-b (infliction), 6-b (negligent), 7-a (breach), 8-a (Compensatory), 9-d (Punitive), 10-c (nominal).
  • Test 64 (Transfer Pricing): 1-c (sells), 2-d (arbitrary), 3-c (liability), 4-c (entries), 5-b (avoidance), 6-c (shortfall), 7-b (effect), 8-d (removed), 9-c (rebate), 10-c (interest).
  • Test 65 (Airport Terminology): 1-b (aisle), 2-a (baggage claim area), 3-c (boarding pass), 4-a (carry-on), 5-c (cockpit), 6-a (flight attendant), 7-d (gate), 8-a (lavatory), 9-c (metal detector), 10-d (overhead compartment).
  • Test 66 (Bank Terminology 1): 1-b (traveler's checks), 2-c (cash), 3-c (bounced), 4-a (NSF), 5-a (check), 6-b (deposited), 7-b (exchange), 8-c (open), 9-d (filled), 10-d (order).
  • Test 67 (Bank Terminology 2): 1-b (line of credit), 2-a (online), 3-b (safety deposit box), 4-b (debit), 5-c (transfer), 6-d (reviews), 7-d (officer), 8-a (balance), 9-c (mortgage), 10-a (pre-approved).
  • Test 68 (Common Phrases and Responses 1): 1-b (Sure, that would be great), 2-c (I think so. I don't feel well), 3-d (Yes, tomorrow's fine with me), 4-c (Yes, I'm really busy), 5-d (Me too. It was very intensive), 6-d (I think we're going to visit my parents in Vermont for Christmas), 7-c (I liked my old job a lot), 8-b (Somewhat, but I can't quit right now), 9-a (We're going skiing in Montana), 10-b (Last week. We decided on Liam for a boy).
  • Test 69 (Common Phrases and Responses 2): 1-c (Sure, let's watch movies together), 2-a (Yes, I'll hold), 3-b (Yes, I feel we should focus on globalization more), 4-d (Yes, unfortunately, they can't fix their problems), 5-b (Last week when I was reading the bulletin board), 6-c (Her father, of course), 7-b (I'd appreciate that, thanks), 8-a (Yes, he decided to buy the house anyway), 9-d (I answered an advertisement in the paper), 10-c (Yes, Ron and Sue stopped by).
  • Test 70 (Common Phrases and Responses 3): 1-b (If you have your receipt, you can return it), 2-a (I know. She's very healthy), 3-b (Last week. Isn't it great?), 4-d (You should see your doctor today to make sure you're OK for the race), 5-b (I hope so), 6-c (I'm jogging and doing other physical exercises every day), 7-d (Sounds good. I'll meet you there), 8-c (I'd love to! I want to know everything), 9-a (Sure, let's meet at 10 am), 10-b (I don't like her either).

• Tests 71 to 80 Solutions:

  • Test 71 (Confusing Words Test 1): 1-b (effect), 2-b (for), 3-a (birth), 4-c (Besides), 5-b (a lot), 6-b (principle), 7-b (less), 8-d (who), 9-c (poor), 10-d (number).
  • Test 72 (Confusing Words Test 2): 1-b (illusion), 2-c (peace), 3-d (quiet), 4-a (way), 5-c (personal), 6-a (through), 7-b (minor), 8-a (Their), 9-b (two), 10-c (scene).
  • Test 73 (Confusing Words Test 3): 1-a (our), 2-c (blew), 3-b (learn), 4-c (already), 5-d (complimented), 6-b (sight), 7-c (aide), 8-d (air), 9-c (bawled), 10-b (sell).
  • Test 74 (Conversations and Comprehension Test): 1-c (A tropical fish), 2-b (A place that has a cooler climate than Mexico), 3-c (The games), 4-c (Plants that don't need a lot of sunlight), 5-b (By car), 6-c (The mailroom), 7-b (Technology around the world), 8-a (7:45 am), 9-b (Axel, his wife and her parents), 10-b (About 150 people).
  • Test 75 (Phrasal Verbs A to B): 1-b (act like), 2-c (add up), 3-a (ask her out), 4-b (back down), 5-b (back off), 6-a (back up), 7-c (blow up), 8-b (breakdown), 9-a (break-in), 10-b (broke up).
  • Test 76 (Phrasal Verbs B to C): 1-b (brought up), 2-c (brush up), 3-c (burn up), 4-a (butting in), 5-a (butter up), 6-c (call off), 7-b (care for), 8-a (catch on), 9-a (checked into), 10-b (catch up).
  • Test 77 (Phrasal Verbs C): 1-a (checked out), 2-b (cheer everyone up), 3-a (chicken out), 4-c (chip in), 5-b (clammed up), 6-b (come across), 7-c (came down with), 8-c (counting on), 9-a (crack down), 10-a (cut down).
  • Test 78 (Phrasal Verbs D to F): 1-b (dragged on), 2-b (drew up), 3-c (dropped in), 4-c (dropped by), 5-b (dropped out), 6-a (ended up), 7-c (fall through), 8-a (figure out), 9-c (fill in), 10-c (filled out).
  • Test 79 (Phrasal Verbs G to H): 1-b (get along), 2-b (get around), 3-b (get around to), 4-c (getting by), 5-b (get in), 6-a (get rid of), 7-b (goofed off), 8-c (hand in), 9-c (hand-outs), 10-a (hang up).
  • Test 80 (Phrasal Verbs H to L): 1-a (hold-up), 2-c (iron out), 3-c (jack up), 4-a (jumped all over), 5-a (kept going), 6-c (kicked out), 7-c (knock out), 8-a (knocked myself out), 9-b (lay off), 10-b (leave anyone out).

• Tests 81 to 90 Solutions:

  • Test 81 (Phrasal Verbs L to P): 1-a (lucky), 2-c (make fun of), 3-c (make up), 4-a (make out), 5-b (make up for), 6-b (marked up), 7-b (marked down), 8-b (mix up), 9-c (nodding off), 10-b (passed away).
  • Test 82 (Phrasal Verbs L): 1-b (let down), 2-c (let up), 3-a (look back on), 4-b (looks down on), 5-a (look forward to), 6-b (look in on), 7-c (look into), 8-b (looks just like), 9-b (look after), 10-a (look him up).
  • Test 83 (Phrasal Verbs P to R): 1-a (passed out), 2-c (picked out), 3-b (pick up), 4-a (pick on), 5-b (pitched in), 6-a (pull it off), 7-c (put off), 8-a (put up), 9-b (rip off), 10-c (round off).
  • Test 84 (Phrasal Verbs R to T): 1-c (ran into), 2-b (runs out of), 3-a (set up), 4-c (set back), 5-a (stand out), 6-b (stand up), 7-b (shows up), 8-c (stands for), 9-a (takes after), 10-b (take off).
  • Test 85 (Phrasal Verbs T to W): 1-b (took down), 2-b (turn up), 3-a (waited on), 4-b (wake up), 5-a (watched out for), 6-c (wear out), 7-c (work out), 8-c (worn out), 9-c (wrapping up), 10-c (write up).
  • Test 86 (Phrasal Verbs T): 1-a (take up), 2-c (ticked off), 3-a (throw out), 4-b (try on), 5-a (try out), 6-c (turn around), 7-b (turn in), 8-c (turned him down), 9-c (turned off), 10-a (turn on).
  • Test 87 (Phrasal Verbs and Traveling): 1-b (check in), 2-a (get away), 3-b (gets in), 4-a (speed up), 5-d (take off), 6-a (set off), 7-c (stop by), 8-a (stop off), 9-c (fill up), 10-d (hurry up).
  • Test 88 (Prepositions of Time and Date 1): 1-c (at), 2-a (in), 3-c (none), 4-b (none), 5-b (none), 6-c (none), 7-c (at), 8-c (at), 9-a (for), 10-a (on).
  • Test 89 (Prepositions of Time and Date 2): 1-c (none), 2-c (on), 3-c (in), 4-c (in), 5-b (on), 6-c (on), 7-b (In), 8-c (none), 9-c (In), 10-c (in).
  • Test 90 (Prepositions of Time and Date 3): 1-c (none), 2-b (none), 3-b (In), 4-b (none), 5-a (on), 6-b (in), 7-c (in), 8-c (none), 9-c (In), 10-a (none).

• Tests 91 to 100 Solutions:

  • Test 91 (Prepositions of Time and Date 4): 1-b (In), 2-a (On), 3-b (none), 4-b (none), 5-b (On), 6-b (On), 7-c (On), 8-a (none), 9-b (At), 10-b (In).
  • Test 92 (Short Idioms): 1-d (foe), 2-a (soul), 3-b (reason), 4-a (tear), 5-d (heels), 6-b (backwards), 7-d (bee), 8-a (blood), 9-c (fox), 10-d (arrows).
  • Test 93 (US Government Questions Test 1): 1-b (press), 2-a (bill), 3-b (president), 4-a (Senate), 5-d (veto), 6-c (vice-president), 7-b (appoint), 8-b (resident), 9-a (commerce), 10-d (interior).
  • Test 94 (US Government Questions Test 2): 1-b (amendment), 2-c (majority), 3-c (Prohibition), 4-b (petition), 5-c (natural), 6-b (constitution), 7-c (treaty), 8-b (judicial), 9-a (ratified), 10-a (civilian).
  • Test 95 (US Government Questions Test 3): 1-b (legislative), 2-b (Supreme), 3-a (candidate), 4-b (taxes), 5-c (impeachment), 6-b (citizen), 7-a (acquit), 8-c (veterans affairs), 9-b (labor), 10-c (health and human services).
  • Test 96 (US Government Questions Test 4): 1-a (energy), 2-c (education), 3-a (tax evasion), 4-b (free enterprise), 5-b (transportation), 6-c (agriculture), 7-a (separation of power), 8-b (shared), 9-b (defense), 10-b (reserved).
  • Test 97 (US Government Questions Test 5): 1-b (income), 2-a (sales), 3-b (Zoning), 4-b (county), 5-c (sheriff), 6-c (mayor), 7-b (fund-raiser), 8-c (platform), 9-b (conservative), 10-a (liberal).
  • Test 98 (US Government Questions Test 6): 1-c (opposition), 2-b (conservative), 3-c (nominee), 4-a (liberal), 5-b (registered), 6-b (absentee), 7-b (referendum), 8-c (immigrant), 9-b (refugees), 10-c (aliens).
  • Test 99 (US Government Questions Test 7): 1-c (deportation), 2-b (Naturalization), 3-c (allegiance), 4-c (Patriotism), 5-a (lobby), 6-c (opinion), 7-c (interest), 8-c (policy), 9-a (liberties), 10-a (vote).
  • Test 100 (US Judicial System Questions Test): 1-b (defendant), 2-c (judicial), 3-b (system), 4-c (Supreme), 5-b (district), 6-b (Constitution), 7-b (court of appeals), 8-a (district), 9-b (President), 10-a (defense).