Saud GAT Verbal 7 Exhaustive Study Notes

Overview of Saud GAT Verbal Leak

The provided material represent a comprehensive leak of verbal test forms for the General Aptitude Test (GAT), specifically the "Saud GAT" version.
It is documented as being used by students who achieved scores of $90\%$ and above.
The content includes verbal analogies, sentence completion (fill in the blanks), contextual errors, and reading comprehension passages with associated questions and answers.
Official resources and discussions are linked to the Saud Group on platforms such as WhatsApp and Telegram.

Verbal Analogies: Maslow’s Pyramid Model and General Forms

Category 1: Cause and Effect / Associations
- Car : pollution :: Fire : smoke
- Gym : exercise :: Library : read
- Floor : ceiling :: Sour : sweet (Antonyms/Positions)
- work : experience :: Tickle : Laugh :: Childlike : mature (Association/Antonym)
- Wet : soak :: Rub : scrub :: Sing : scream (Intensity/Association)
- Storm : lightning :: Injury : pain
- Tired : weak :: Dirty : filthy (Intensity/Degree)
- Success : proud :: Cure : well
- Success : boast :: Icy : slip
Category 2: Part to Whole
- Bricks : house :: Bones : skeleton
- Eye : face :: City : country
- Screen : laptop :: Fin : fish :: Apartment : house
- roof : house :: country : world
- Sleeve (button) : shirt :: Page : novel
- Lens : camera :: Blade : knife :: Wing : aircraft
- Word : sentence :: Brick : wall
- Handle : door :: Trunk : tree
Category 3: Synonyms and Degrees
- Speak : shout :: Walk : run (Intensity)
- Select : choose :: Always : forever
- Easy : simple :: Discovery : creation :: Grateful : thankful
- Suggest : demand :: Take : grab :: Allow : deny (Intensity and Antonyms)
- Accomplish : achieve :: Fall : drop
- Good looking : gorgeous :: Angry : furious
- Request : demand :: Want : crave
- Impartial : fair :: Sin : vice
Category 4: Classification/Type
- Toyota : car :: Bass : guitar :: Paris : France :: Rice : wheat
- Mammal : human :: Vehicle : truck
- Bass : guitar :: Rice : wheat :: Paris : France
- Eagle : hawk :: Rice : wheat :: Cinnamon : ginger
- Pony : horse :: Cheddar : cheese
Category 5: Transformation / Stages
- Caterpillar : butterfly :: Baby : adult :: Toad : frog
- Milk : ice cream :: Gold : necklace :: Cacao : chocolate :: Cotton : shirt
- Clay : brick :: Water : ice
Category 6: Tool and Function
- Shovel : dig :: Scissors : cut :: Drill : hole
- Pen : paper :: Soap : water
- Oven : cook :: Ignite : light :: Umbrella : rain

Fill in the Blanks (Sentence Completion)

Dental Procedures: Ahmed began typing on his phone while he was reclined on the dental chair with tubes attached.
Aviation: General aviation airports are smaller airports that process private, business, commercial, and charter flights.
Infrastructure: New York City officials say workers are currently removing public pay phones from the city's streets.
Cultural Influence: Where you live has a huge impact on your cultural heritage and your immediate surroundings.
Art and Craft: Ceramics is the art of creating $3$ -dimensional objects from clay; it involves many techniques including shaping, sculpting, and firing.
Technology: Satellites were sent to space to gather data.
Biological Structures: Fish have vertical tails, while aquatic mammals have horizontal ones.
Tourism and Experience: Photos and videos do not do the Grand Canyon justice, as the experience is hard to comprehend.
Marine Biology: Sharks are crucial to the ocean; one of their roles is maintaining the balance of the food chain.
Language Acquisition: Babies pick up new words quickly and around $18$ months can combine them to make short sentences.
Education: One of the greatest enemies of successful teaching is student boredom, often caused by predictability.
Natural Phenomena: Volcanic eruptions under the ocean can reach the speed of a flying jet.
Animals: Alligators are scary, but the fearsome crocodile will devour anything in its path.
Social Progress: Recent innovations have helped deaf people communicate without needing someone to interpret for them.
Modern Life: Science studies digital natives who have grown up with technology; online shopping doesn't merely cause instant gratification, it encourages it.

Contextual Errors (Identification of Incorrect Words)

Wolves: "The reintroduction of wolves has been commonly debated. These beloved beasts were once the most populous animals." (Error: beloved)
Sustainability: "Public reliance on plastic waste… is increasing due to local government initiatives." (Error: reliance)
Veganism: "Veganism… has uncertain benefits for the environment…" (Error: uncertain)
Computing History: Johan von Neumann stated it seemed we reached the limits of what is possible to corrupt with computer technology. (Error: corrupt)
Space Records: Shannon Lucid held the record for the longest executive spent in space. (Error: executive)
Juvenile Crime: Parents held responsible for children's belongings. (Error: belonging)
Biology (Peacocks): Beetles and peacocks are concealed in colors that change. (Error: concealed)
Philosophy: Henry David Thoreau decided to live in the woods to reduce his philosophy. (Error: reduce)
Economics: Finance managers paid lavish compensation justified by their provide skills. (Error: provide)
Spiders: Some kind of spider is very dangerous; it is raised in Australia. (Error: raised)
Cybersecurity: Disgruntled employee accessed his unimportant computer test systems. (Error: unimportant)

Reading Comprehension: Industrial Immigration

Timeline: Urbanization occurred rapidly in the second half of the $19^{th}$ century in the United States.
Economic Drivers: New technologies led to a leap in industrialization. Electric lights and machinery allowed factories to operate $24$ hours a day, $7$ days a week.
Working Conditions: Workers faced grueling $12$ -hour shifts and were required to live near factories. Work was dangerous and difficult, but higher wages drew people from agriculture.
Immigration: Famine and religious persecution in central, eastern, and southern Europe led waves of immigrants to U.S. cities.
Geography of Industry: Before the mid- $1800s$ , factories relied on rivers for transport and water power (seasonal flow affected production). The development of the steam engine allowed factories to locate near urban centers.

Questions & Answers (Industrial Immigration)

Who does "whom" refer to? Immigrants.
What was the work before industrialization? Agriculture.
Author's opinion on work conditions? It was hard.
Conclusion? Electricity increase allowed factories to work all day.
Main idea? Industrialization led to urbanization.
Meaning of "initial"? Early.

Reading Comprehension: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Theory: A motivational theory in psychology comprising a $5$ -tier model.
Hierarchy: Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
D-needs: The first $4$ levels are "deficiency needs" arising from deprivation.
Self-actualization: The highest level, pursued only when lower-level needs are satisfied.

Questions & Answers (Maslow)

How many levels are in the theory? $5$ .
Author's view? It is a theory, not scientifically proven.
Meaning of "enable"? Allow.
How many levels are deficiency needs? $4$ .

Reading Comprehension: Accounting

Definition: The process of organizing, analyzing, and communicating financial information for decision-making.
Versatility: Known as the "language of business" and the "language of life."
Applications: Choosing to lease vs. buy a vehicle; a graduate choosing between job offers in cities with different costs of living; a theater manager checking if a play was profitable.
Decision Factors: Includes both financial and non-financial (e.g., reliability, working hours, commuting ease).

Questions & Answers (Accounting)

Main idea? Accounting is used in both personal and professional life.
True statement? Business owners need an accountant to manage finances.
Decision the graduate made? Choosing between jobs.
Author's view of accountants? Highly trained specialists in their field.
Meaning of "scenarios"? Situations.

Reading Comprehension: The Russian Gold Rush

Incident: In May $1942$ , the British ship Edinburgh sank in the Barents Sea carrying boxes of Russian gold.
Recovery: In $1981$ , Keith Jessop used new diving techniques for a salvage operation costing $6$ - $7$ million dollars.
Logistics: The team had to cut a square in the hull, pass a fuel tank, and enter the bomb room. They performed $28$ dives before finding gold.
The Hurricane: A hurricane forced the stoppage of the operation.
Success: They recovered $431$ gold pieces. Soviet and British officials shared over $80$ million dollars; Jessop's team earned $18$ million dollars.

Questions & Answers (Russian Gold Rush)

Original owners of gold? The Russian government.
Destination of the ship? Britain.
Why Jessop didn't go alone? Lack of money.
Why stop? Hurricane / Weather conditions.
Casualties? Tens (around $60$ crew members).

Reading Comprehension: Taj Mahal

Origin: Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (reigned early $1600s$ ) for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
Construction Details: Begun in $1632$ , finished in approximately $20$ years. Architect: Ustad Ahmad Lahouri. Employed $20,000$ workers from India, Persia, Europe, and the Ottoman Empire.
Logistics: $1000$ elephants used for transport. Modern equivalent cost: $827$ million dollars.
Architecture: Made of white marble and semi-precious stones (jade, crystal, turquoise). Features a central dome ( $240$ feet high) and four minarets.
Decline and Restoration: Fell into disrepair for $200$ years post-death; restored in the late $1800s$ by Lord Curzon (Viceroy of India).

Questions & Answers (Taj Mahal)

Where is it located? India (Agra).
Year of Mumtaz Mahal's death? $1631$ .
Why mention diverse workers? To show the finest were chosen.
Meaning of "integrated"? Combined.
What is the false coffin? Cenotaph.

Reading Comprehension: California Earthquakes

Geography: California is part of the Great Pacific Basin, where over $80\%$ of global earthquakes occur.
Frequency: California experiences $1000$ small earthquakes annually.
History: The San Francisco earthquake of April $18$ , $1906$ at $5:15\text{ a.m.}$ was a major disaster.
Impact of $1906$ : Broken gas/electric lines caused fires; water lines were broken, preventing firemen from extinguishing them. $2,500$ died; $250,000$ lost homes.

Questions & Answers (Earthquakes)

Detection? Animals and seismographs can detect small ones.
Deaths in $1906$ ? $2,500$ .
Why fires were hard to put out? Broken streets and water systems.
Next big quake prediction? Before $2006$ .

Reading Comprehension: Biogeography

Definition: The study of geographic distribution of living things and the abiotic (non-living) factors affecting them.
Abiotic Factors: Temperature and rainfall, influenced by latitude and elevation.
Species Types:
- Endemic: Found only in a specific area (e.g., Venus flytrap in the Carolinas).
- Generalist: Found in wide areas (e.g., Raccoon in North/Central America).
Latitudinal Gradient: Moving north from the equator, biomes change from tropical wet forests to dry forests, then deserts ( $30$ degrees north), grasslands, deciduous forests, boreal forests, and finally Arctic tundra.

Questions & Answers (Biogeography)

Unusual trait of Venus flytraps? They don't exist everywhere / endemic.
Main idea? Abiotic factors affect organisms and the environment.
Meaning of "composition"? Structure / Presence.

Reading Comprehension: Chinese Tea

Discovery: Legend states Emperor Shen Nung discovered tea in $2732\text{ BCE}$ when leaves blowing into boiling water created an "intriguing brew."
Linguistics: The character "ch'a" originally meant to check or investigate.
Social Role: Initially medicinal; later valued for daily refreshment. Cultural status was indicated by elegant tea wares.
Handling: Young women handlers were forbidden from eating garlic, onions, or spices to avoid contaminating the leaves with odors.
Processing: Black tea was developed via fermentation to preserve flavor during long export journeys, whereas all tea was originally Green.

Questions & Answers (Tea)

Discovery? Accidental.
Leaf caretaker restriction? No strong-smelling foods.
Meaning of "character"? Symbol.
Black vs. Green tea? Black tea was better for foreign export journeys.

Reading Comprehension: Porsche $911$

History: Introduced in $1863$ by Ferdinand Alexander Porsche ("FA"), grandson of the founder.
Design Philosophy: Stripped of decoration; stressed function over form. Replacement for the Porsche $356$ .
The Naming Issue: Originally the $901$ ; changed to $911$ because Peugeot claimed a patent on car names with a zero in the middle.
Influence: Compared to the Coca-Cola bottle due to its iconic, recognizable silhouette.

Questions & Answers (Porsche)

Who does "he" refer to? Ferdinand Alexander Porsche.
Meaning of "enthusiast"? Admirer.
Design focus? Function over decoration.

Reading Comprehension: Freshwater and the Water Cycle

Scarcity: Only a small portion of Earth's water supply is freshwater.
Renewal: Constant renewal occurs via the water cycle (evaporation, liquid to gas, precipitation).
Definitions:
- Aquifer: Underground layer of rock or soil filled with water.
- Reservoirs: Human-made or natural storage areas for large city supplies.
- Water Table: The top of water-filled spaces in the soil.
Pollution: Contaminated by acid rain, pesticide runoff, and industrial waste (e.g., paper production chemicals).

Questions & Answers (Freshwater)

Why doesn't it run out? Water cycle.
Water seeping into the ground? Groundwater.
Large town water storage? Reservoirs.
Rock filled with water? Aquifer.

Reading Comprehension: The Arab Dhow

Significance: One of the most important Arab inventions; traditional wooden sailing boat used for trade, fishing, and pearling.
Advantages: Fast and highly maneuverable compared to European ships with square sails (which were hard to control and only sailed with the wind).
Global Impact: Connected the Arabian Peninsula with East Africa and India.
Portuguese Adaptation: Prince Henry the Navigator adopted the dhow's design and "lateen sails," allowing European ships to move against the wind.

Questions & Answers (Dhow)

Arab contributions? Mostly scientific.
Meaning of "substantial"? Major.
Henry's improvement? Implemented lateen sails to move against wind.
Main idea? Benefits and maneuverability of Dhows in trade.

Additional Numerical Data & Dates

World War II: $60$ million lives lost.
San Francisco Quake: $1906$ , April $18$ , $5:15\text{ a.m.}$
Viking Artifacts: Cities dating to the $11^{th}$ century.
Dementia Study: Funded by NIHR between January $2013$ and September $2015$ .
Mars Distance: Often referenced in multi-planetary species discussions.
Currency: Cowry shells used around $1200\text{ BCE}$ ; Lydian coins around $600\text{ BCE}$ ; Paper money in China around $618\text{ CE}$ .
Reindeer Herding: Sami population estimated at $70,000$ .
Business Fines: Parents fined up to $5000$ for juvenile delinquency in New York.