memory and processing

Memory - is defined as learning that has persisted over time.

These memories can be utilized both explicitly and implicitly

Explicit memory - is the memory of facts and experiences that one can

consciously know and declare (also known as declarative memory)

Implicit memory - is the retention of information independent of conscious recollection. This is memory

information that one cannot explain (i.e., you don’t consciously think about walking—you just walk)

Recall - is the measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

Recognition - is the measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned

relearning - is the phenomenon in which one saves

a substantial amount of time when learning material again

Encoding - is the processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning. The

encoding process is much like warehouse workers labelling and placing the materials into the

warehouse for storage.

Storage - is the process of retaining encoded information over

time. The storage process is much like the organization of

stored materials in designated sections in a warehouse.

retrieval - is the process of getting information out

of the memory system.

hippocampus - for example, helps process explicit memories for storage. It functions

as a sort of loading dock where the brain registers and temporarily holds information

cerebellum - is largely associated with procedural memory and associations

as a sort of classical conditioning center. If damaged, one cannot develop certain

associations.

Effortful processing - is the intentional encoding of information that requires attention and effort.

automatic processing - is the unconscious encoding of incidental information,

such as space, time, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.

shallow processing - which is encoding on a basic level, based primarily on the structure or appearance of words

deep processing - is the encoding of information semantically, based on the meaning of the word, its context, or its significance.

as working memory – short-term memory that focuses on

conscious, active processing of information and of information retrieved from long-term memory.