Reservoir Dogs,

Definition: Perceptual constancy exemplifies our ability to interpret sensations as having particular characteristics regardless of the retinal images detected by our eyes.

Size Constancy:
- Definition: The recognition that an object remains the same size even though the retinal image of the object changes.
- Example: No matter how far away you are from your car, you know its actual size.
- Significance: Experience is important in size perception.
Shape Constancy:
- Definition: The recognition that an object retains the same shape even though its orientation to you changes.
- Example: Walking around a room, you see chairs and tables from different angles, but still perceive them as having the same shape despite retinal image changes.
Color Constancy:
- Definition: An object appears to maintain the same color even under varying lighting conditions.
- Example: A green Granny Smith apple looks green regardless of lighting (bright noon sunlight vs. pale sunset).

Absolute Threshold:
- Definition: The minimum amount of stimulus that a person can detect.
- Examples: The dimmest light, the softest touch, the faintest sound.

Color Associations:
- Example: Red signifies “stop”; green means “go.”
- Cultural implications: Colors can provoke emotions and influence societal behaviors, such as "living in a red or blue state" or expressions like "feeling green with envy".
- Historical thought: Thinkers from Plato to Einstein have explored the importance of color.
- In the animal kingdom, color plays a crucial role in mating and attraction.

Human brains are influenced by biology and culture in terms of color perception.
Cultural Preferences:
- Western cultures favor blue, while other regions, such as China, value reds and yellows more highly.
- Cultural context shapes individual preferences and the prevalence of colors in daily life.