male pelvic viscera

Introduction

  • Title: Male Pelvic Viscera

  • Author: Dr. Omer Tagelsir Abdalla

  • Purpose: Overview of male pelvic anatomy and reproductive system.

Anatomical Structures

Male Pelvic Viscera

  • Major components include:

    • Ductus deferens

    • Bladder

    • Prostate

    • Ureter

    • Rectum

Levator Ani Muscles

  • Comprised of:

    • Pubococcygeus (PC): Medial fibers bordering the urogenital hiatus.

    • Puborectalis (PR): Part of pubococcygeus; forms a sling around the anorectal junction.

    • Iliococcygeus (IC): Fibers arise from the tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine.

Pelvic Cross-Sections

Male Pelvis (Sagittal Section)

  • Key organs:

    • Bladder

    • Prostate

    • Ureter

    • Rectum

    • Pelvic diaphragm

Female Pelvis (Sagittal Section)

  • Key organs:

    • Uterus

    • Bladder

    • Rectum

    • Vagina

Perineum

Definition

  • Area inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.

  • Components:

    • Plane of pelvic inlet

    • Perineal body

    • Pelvic diaphragm

Pelvic Floor Muscles

Male Pelvic Floor

  • Muscles include:

    • Pubococcygeus

    • Iliococcygeus

    • Coccygeus

Female Pelvic Floor

  • Muscles include:

    • Pubococcygeus

    • Iliococcygeus

    • Perineal body

    • Coccygeus

Male Genital Organs

Components

  • Testes

  • Epididymis

  • Ductus deferens

  • Seminal glands

  • Ejaculatory ducts

  • Prostate

  • Bulbourethral glands

Duct System

Structure

  • Ductus deferens connects to:

    • Epididymis: site for sperm maturation.

    • Seminal vesicle: accessory gland contributing to ejaculate volume.

    • Prostate gland: main site for seminal fluid production.

    • Bulbourethral glands: provide pre-ejaculatory fluid.

Testes

Anatomy

  • Tunica vaginalis: serous sac surrounding the testes.

  • Tunica albuginea: fibrous capsule dividing the testis into 250-300 lobules.

  • Lobules: contain seminiferous tubules where sperm formation occurs.

Sperm Pathway

  1. Testes: Sperm formation.

  2. Epididymis: Maturation and storage.

  3. Ductus deferens: Transport of sperm.

  4. Ejaculatory duct: Formed by seminal vesicles and ductus deferens.

  5. Urethra: Final pathway for sperm exit.

Prostate Gland

Structure & Function

  • Base: located inferior to bladder.

  • Apex: lies along superior fascia of deep perineal pouch.

  • Comprised of glandular and fibromuscular tissue.

  • Central zones: lobes prone to conditions like BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) and prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Blood Supply and Innervation

  • Supply: Internal iliac artery branches.

  • Drainage: Vesical and prostatic venous plexi.

  • Innervation: Autonomic supply includes sympathetic fibers and pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Clinical Notes

Prostate Conditions

  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Common in older men affecting median and lateral lobes; causes urination difficulties.

  • Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Primarily affects posterior lobe, significant in older men and often detectable by Digital Rectal Exam (DRE).

  • Statistical Insights: Affects up to 90% of men over 80 years.

Cancer Spread

  • Prostate cancer may spread through the valveless vertebral venous plexus.