history.

President Truman's options to end WWII with Japan:

  1. Full-Scale Invasion: High U.S. casualties predicted.

  2. Naval Blockade: Force surrender via starvation/destruction; slow, civilian suffering.

  3. Atomic Bomb Demonstration: Show bomb's power to pressure surrender.

  4. Atomic Bomb Use: Quick end, save U.S. lives; Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings led to Japan's surrender.

Ideas/events leading to the American Revolutionary War:

  1. Enlightenment Thinking: Liberty, self-government.

  2. Taxation Without Representation.

  3. Proclamation of 1763: Banned settlement west of Appalachians.

  4. Stamp Act (1765): Sparked protest.

  5. Boston Massacre (1770): Symbol of tyranny.

  6. Boston Tea Party (1773): Led to British punishment.

  7. Intolerable Acts (1774): United colonies against Britain.

  8. First Continental Congress (1774): Colonies organized.

Manifest Destiny: Belief in U.S. expansion across North America.

  1. Belief in American Superiority: Spread democracy, Christianity.

  2. Territorial Expansion: Westward expansion into Native lands.

  3. Indian Removal: Forced relocation (e.g., Trail of Tears).

  4. Destruction of Native Cultures.

  5. Violence and War: Indian Wars.

Nazi treatment of Jews vs. U.S. treatment of Japanese-Americans:

  • Nazi Germany: Holocaust, concentration camps, Nuremberg Laws, anti-Semitic propaganda.

  • U.S.: Internment camps, Executive Order 9066, loss of rights/property, racism and fear.

FDR and the “New Deal”:

  • FDR: 32nd President during Great Depression.

  • Great Depression: Economic collapse.

  • New Deal: Relief, Recovery, Reform.

    • Relief: CCC, WPA.

    • Recovery: PWA, TVA.

    • Reform: Social Security Act, SEC.

  • Fireside Chats: Radio broadcasts to build trust.

  • Impact: Expanded government role.

Gibson Girl vs. Flapper:

  • Gibson Girl: Tall, elegant, traditional.

  • Flapper: Modern, rebellious, short skirts.

Martin Luther King Jr.:

  1. Goals: End segregation, equal rights.

  2. Key Beliefs: Nonviolence, civil disobedience.

  3. Famous Actions: Montgomery Bus Boycott, "I Have a Dream" speech. Helped pass Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.

  4. Assassination: 196