Characteristic of the old Imperialism
Who: European powers such as Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain were the primary agents of old imperialism.
When: The era of old imperialism spanned from the late 15th century to the early 19th century, marked by the European exploration and colonization of various parts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
Means: Old imperialism refers to the expansionist practices whereby European nations sought to acquire territories, exploit resources, and establish colonies for economic gain, often at the expense of indigenous populations and cultures. This expansion was driven by a combination of factors, including the desire for new trade routes, the quest for precious metals and spices, and a belief in the cultural superiority of European civilization over those they colonized. In this context, the old imperialism is characterized by several key features, including the establishment of plantations, the forced labor of indigenous peoples and enslaved individuals, and the spread of Christianity as a means of consolidation of power.
Character of New Imperialism
Who(New Imperialism):
United States
Germany
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Belgium - A small yet influential colonial power that established a significant presence in Africa, particularly through the exploitation of the Congo. Its imperialist activities were marked by aggressive economic pursuits and harsh treatment of local populations.
-What was the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a meeting where European powers divided Africa among themselves, aiming to regulate colonial expansion and avoid conflict.
-Who was King Leopold II? What justifications did he use to establish a colony in central Africa?
King Leopold II was the King of Belgium who claimed the Congo Free State as his personal property, justifying his actions by promoting the ideas of philanthropy and civilization, claiming he would bring progress and Christianity to the African people.
-Who was George Washington Williams and what did he write about?
George Washington Williams: An African American historian and writer, he was among the first to expose the atrocities committed in the Congo Free State under King Leopold II's rule, notably in his work "An Open Letter to King Leopold II," where he criticized the exploitation and abuse of the Congolese people.
-What primary resource did King Leopold II and Belgium extract from the Congo?
The primary resource extracted from the Congo was rubber, which was in high demand during the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to the rise of the industrial revolution and the burgeoning automobile industry.