Scientific Investigation Notes

Scientific Investigation

Variables

• Independent Variable: The variable deliberately changed by the scientist.

• Dependent Variable: The variable observed or measured in the experiment; changes as the independent variable is altered.

• Controlled Variables: Quantities kept constant by the scientist.

Aim

• U To determine the relationship between variables.

Investigative Question

• Must include the independent and dependent variables.

• Asks a question about the relationship between the variables.

• Examples:

• • How will the …… affect the ……?

  • What is the relationship between ….. and ……?

• Must end with a question mark (?).

• Should not be answerable with "yes" or "no."

Hypothesis

• Indicates the expected outcome of the investigation.

• Includes both variables and their relationship.

• Format: If …………, then ……….

• Use words like "increase" or "decrease" to show the relationship.

Apparatus and Method

• Plan a fair investigation that produces reliable results.

• Write down the steps.

• Ensure validity by changing only one variable at a time.

• Ensure reliable results by repeating the experiment multiple times (trials).

• Consider precautionary and safety measures.

Results

• Record observations and measurements in a table with clear headings.

• Draw graphs to illustrate the data (independent variable on x-axis, dependent variable on y-axis).

Conclusion

• Must contain both variables.

• Must indicate the relationship between the variables.

• Answers the investigative question.

• Confirms or rejects the hypothesis.