IB English Placement
Essay Exam Preparation
Upcoming Exam Details
The exam will be on either the 27th or 28th.
The questions will be similar to those reviewed, but on different topics (e.g., not necessarily about suffrage or bullying).
Analyzing Rhetorical Strategies
The process:
Identify the message the speaker is trying to convey.
Identify the moves (rhetorical devices) the speaker uses to convey the message.
Example: Ronald Reagan's Challenger Speech
Moves:
Mentioning the loss of other astronauts.
Expressing condolences and aiming to uplift a grieving nation.
Encouraging the continuation of the space program.
Message:
Multiple messages intended to console and inspire.
Analyzing Madeline Albright's Graduation Speech
Rhetorical Situation Analysis (SOAP)
Speaker (S): Madeline Albright.
Occasion (O): Graduation speech.
Graduation speeches are typically positive and forward-looking, encouraging graduates to change the world.
Audience (A): Graduates of a women's college (and their families).
Identifying Messages
Message 1:
Encourage women to be diligent about progress and not become complacent with past successes.
Recognize that while much has been achieved, more remains to be done.
Message 2:
Embrace challenges and persevere through difficulties in the pursuit of equity.
Acknowledge that the path to progress is not easy.
Identifying Rhetorical Moves
Parallelism:
Albright uses parallelism to emphasize the idea of not giving up or being complacent.
Examples: "We could relax. Instead, we are working. We could turn our backs. Instead, we are renewing. We could stop there. Instead, we are pursuing."
Effectiveness: Demonstrates that there were times when settling would have been an option, but continuous striving for more was chosen.
She references the history struggles and change. The struggles are what? Inevitable.
Future Casting (Parallel Structure):
Albright uses a parallel structure to highlight ongoing efforts worldwide.
Examples: "In recent years, I've met in Sarajevo. In Burundi, I've seen women. In Guatemala, I've talked to women. In Burma, I've met with."
Use of past and present to enforce future endevours.
Essay Structure
Introduction
Should be concise and direct, immediately addressing the questions.
Must include:
The speaker's purpose or message.
An analysis of the moves (rhetorical devices) used to convey that message.
Example of weak introduction: "In speeches, we like to use these rhetorical devices that convey messages."
A Stronger introduction: "In her commencement speech to the graduating class of Mount Holyoke College, the secretary of state, Madeline Albright, asserts that women must expand their horizons beyond the change to societal norms to change and impact the world mainly by relying on powerful anaphora".
Importance of the Message
Understanding the message is crucial because:
It guides the analysis of rhetorical devices.
A misunderstanding of the message will lead to misidentification and misinterpretation of the devices used.
Body Paragraphs
Example from sample essay:
"Albright masterfully employs repetition to emphasize and reinforce her overarching message. Describing the hardships women in history endure, Albright voices, each has suffered blows, but each has proceeded with courage. Each has persevered."
Analyzes the impact of repetition and its effect on conveying the message.
Analyzing Rhetorical Devices
The framework:
Identify the device.
Explain what the device seeks to establish.
Analyze how the device effectively conveys the intended message.
Device - what she's trying to establish, how that's effectively conveying the message
Example Analysis: Apple iPhone Commercials
Message: You need to buy the new iPhone.
Move: Implying that your current phone's camera is bad and slow.
Implication: Creates a perceived need for the new phone, even if the existing phone is adequate.
Analyzing Simu Lui’s Passage on Immigration
Task: Analyze the rhetorical choices Simulou makes to convey his message about the experience of preparing to immigrate to China.
Key: Must accurately identify the message about the immigration experience.