cell respiration
what is cell respiration
the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP
it’s ‘controlled’ cuz of enzymes
what ‘factor’ measures the efficiency of cell respiration?
the yield of ATP
i think higher yield of ATP = more efficient cell respiration
what’s a respiratory substrate?
any molecule that can be broken down in respiration to release energy
is usually glucose or carbohydrates, but can also be lipids of fatty acids, or proteins (as a last resort, cuz they hv other functions elsewhere in the cell)
what is one type of cellular respiration in humans?
Aerobic respiration
occurs in the presence of oxygen
has a high yield of ATP (cuz the breakdown of glucose results in high amounts of ATP)
approx. 36-38 ATP molecules are produced
begins in cytoplasm, but most of the steps occur in mitochondria
can use any respiratory substrate
waste products: carbon dioxide and water
word equation: glucose + oxygen = (arrow) carbon dioxide + water
what is the other type of cellular respiration in humans?
Anaerobic respiration
occurs without oxygen
produces a low yield of ATP (breakdown of glucose produces small amount of ATP)
approx. 2 ATP molecules are produced
can only use glucose & other carbs as respiratory substrate
occurs only in cytoplasm
waste products: lactate (lactic acid)
word equation: glucose = (arrow) lactate/lactic acid
what are some variables that affect the rate of cellular respiration?
temperature, pH, substrate concentration & oxygen concentration
since respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions, the rate of respiration is affected by many of the same factors that affect any enzyme-controlled reaction
are gas exchange & cell respiration the same?
no, they’re different processes
Cell respiration: a chemical process occurring within the cell, and is the release of energy from carbon compounds within cell
gas exchange: the movement of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the air and blood in lungs, and involves gases passively moving by diffusion across a surface