[LBYBIO3] LE 2

HEAD AND NECK MUSCLES (VENTRAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Masseter	Zygomatic process	Masseteric fossa of mandible	Elevates mandible
Digastric	Paroccipital process and mastoid process of temporal bone	Ventral surface of mandible	Depresses mandible
Sternohyoid	Sternum	Hyoid bone	Pulls tongue backward
Sternomastoid	Sternum	Mastoid process of temporal bone	Turns head and depresses snout
Cledobasilaris	Clavicle	Occiput	Turns head and depresses snout
Cleidomastoid	Clavicle	Mastoid process of temporal bone	Turns head and depresses snout
Cleidodeltoid	Clavicle	Humerus	Pulls humerus forward

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Mylohyoid	Medial surface of mandible	Basihyal (meets adjacent muscle at midline)	Raises floor of mouth
Thyrohyoid	Thyroid cartilage	Hyoid bone	Raises larynx
Stylohyoid	Stylohyal of hyoid	Basihyal of hyoid	Elevates and draws hyoid rostrally
Cricothyroid	Surface of cricoid cartilage	Throid cartilage of larynx	Pulls larynx caudally
Sternothyroid	Sternum	Throid cartilage of larynx	Pulls larynx caudally
Sternomastoid	Sternum	Mastoid process of temporal bone	Turns head and depresses snout
Longus colli	Ventral surfaces of cervical and thoracic vertabrae	Ventral surfaces of cervival and thoracic vertebrae	Rotates and bends the neck ventrally and laterally
Cleidomastoid	Clavicle	Mastoid process of temporal bone	Turns head and depresses snout

PECTORAL REGION MUSCLES (VENTRAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Rectus thoracis	First rib	Second through fourth ribs	Elevates ribs (inspiration)
Scalenus	Sternum	Ribs	Elevates ribs (inspiration)
Rectus abdominis	Pubic tubercule	1st and 2nd costal cartilages and sternum	Compresses abdomen
Serratus ventralis (serratus anterior)	Ribs	Dorsal edge of scapula	Depresses scapula

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Cleidodeltoid	Clavicle	Humerus	Pulls humerus forward
Pectoralis tenuis (pectoantebrachialis)	Sternum	Pectoral ridge of humerus	Adducts forelimbs
Pectoralis major	Sternum	Pectoral ridge of humerus	Adducts forelimbs
Pectoralis profundus (pectoralis minor)	Sternum	Pectoral ridge of humerus	Adducts forelimbs

HEAD, PECTORAL, AND FORELIMB MUSCLES (LATERAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Acromiotrapezius (anterior trapezius)	Occipital protuberance	Scapula	Elevates and draws scapula forward
Levator scapulae ventralis	Occiput	Scapula	Elevates and draws scapula forward
Cleidodeltoid	Clavicle	Humerus	Pulls humerus forward
Acromiodeltoid	Scapula	Humerus	Pulls humerus forward
Suprapinatus	Scapula	Humerus	Extends humerus
Spinodeltoid	Spine of scapula	Humerus	Flexes and rotates humerus outward
Teres major	Scapula	Humerus	Flexes shoulder; adducts forelimb
Spinotapezius (posterior trapezius)	Thoracic spine	Scapula	Draws scapula dorsally
Latissimus dorsi	Dorsal fascia of thorax	Medial surface of humerus	Pulls humerus backward
Cutaneous trunci	Fascia of latissimus dorsi	Dermis of skin in trunk	Moves skin of trunk
Triceps brachii, long head	Scapula	Olecranon process of ulna	Extends forearm
Triceps brachii, lateral head	Lateral surface of humerus	Olecranon process of ulna	Extends forearm
Brachialis	Dorsal border of humerus	Medial surface of ulna	Flexes forelimb

MIDDLE MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Splenius	Middorsal line of neck	Atlas	Turns and raises head
Rhomboideus capitis	Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae	Vertebral border of scapula	Pulls scapula medially
Rhomboideus major	Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae	Vertebral border of scapula	Pulls scapula medially
Rhomboideus minor	Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae	Vertebral border of scapula	Pulls scapula medially
Longissimus dorsi	Ilium and lumbar vertebrae	Thoracic and vertebral vertebrae	Extends vertebral column
Multifidus	Ilium and sacrum	Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae	Bends torso to the side
Spinodeltoid	Spine of scapula	Humerus	Flexes and rotates humerus outward
Infraspinatus	Infraspinous fossa of scapula	Humerus	Rotates humerus laterally
Teres minor	Scapula	Humerus	Rotates humerus laterally

FORELIMB MUSCLES (LATERAL)

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Triceps brachii, long head	Scapula	Olecranon process of ulna	Extends forearm
Triceps brachii, lateral head	Lateral surface of humerus	Olecranon process of ulna	Extends forearm
Anconeus	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	Lateral surface of ulna	Extends forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	2nd metacarpal	Extends paw
Extensor carpi radialis brevis	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	3rd metacarpal	Extends paw
Extensor digitorum communis	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	Phalanges of digits 2-5	Extends joints of digits 2-5
Extensor digitorum lateralis	Anterior face of lateral epicondyle of humerus	Digits 2-5	Extends 4th and 5th digits
Extensor carpi ulnaris	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	Tubercle of 5th metacarpal	Extends carpus; rotates wrist laterally

FORELIMB MUSCLES (MEDIAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Biceps brachii	Cranial edge of glenoid cavity	Tuberosity of radius	Flexes forelimb
Epitrochlearis	Lateral border of latissimus dorsi	Olecranon process of ulna	Extends forelimb
Pronator teres	Medial epicondyle of humerus	Medial border of radius	Pronates paw
Flexor digitorum profundus	Medial epicondyle of humerus; radius and ulna	Bases of distal phalanges	Flexes digits
Flexor carpi radialis	Medial epicondyle of humerus	2nd and 3rd metacarpal	Flexes wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis	Medial epicondyle of humerus	Middle phalanx of digits 2-5	Flexes proximal and middle joints of digits 2-5
Flexor carpi ulnaris	Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna	Accessory carpal bone	Flexes carpus (wrist)

NECK, SHOULDER, AND BACK MUSCLES

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Scalenus dorsalis	1st rib	Cervical vertebrae	Flexes neck and elevates ribs (inspiration)
Levator scapulae	Occiput	Metacromion process of scapula	Draws scapula forward
Supraspinatus	Scapula	Humerus	Extends humerus
Teres major	Scapula	Humerus	Flexes shoulder; adducts forelimb
Subscapularis	Scapula	Humerus	Pulls humerus medially

HINDLIMB MUSCLES (LATERAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Tensor fasciae latae	Ilium and fascia of surrounding hip muscles	Fascial latae covering gluteus medius and vastus lateralis	Tenses fascia late and extends hindlimb
Gluteus maximus	Ilium and sacrum	Femur near greater trochanter	Abducts thigh
Gluteus medius	Lateral surface of ilium	Greater trochanter of femur	Abducts thigh
Caudofemoralis (gluteofemoralis)	Tuberosity of ischium	Lateral border of patella	Abducts thigh; extends hindlimb
Biceps femoris	Tuberosity of ischium	Dorsal border of tibia and lateral patella	Abducts thigh; flexes hindlimb
Vastus lateralis	Greater trochanter	Vastus medialis and rectus femoris	Extends hindlimb

MIDDLE MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Semimembranosus	Ischium	Medial surface of tibia	Flexes hindlimb and extends thigh
Semitendonosus	Ischium	Tibia	Flexes hindlimb
Piriformis	Sacral and caudal vertebrae	Greater trochanter	Abducts and extends thigh
Adductor magnus	Ischium	Femur	Adducts thigh
Adductor longus	Pubis	Linea aspera of femur	Adducts thigh
Vastus interemedius	Femur	Knee	Extends hindlimb
Rectus femoris	Ilium	Tibial crest	Extends hindlimb

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Adductor magnus	Ischium	Femur	Adducts thigh
Quadratus femoris	Ischial tuberosity	Femur	Extends and rotates thigh
Gemellus minimus (gemellus inferior)	Lateral surface of ischium	Trochanteric fossa of femur	Rotates and abducts thigh
Gemellus minimus (gemellus superior)	Lateral surface of ilium	Trochanteric fossa of femur	Rotates and abducts thigh
Obturator internus	Medial surface of ischium	Trochanteric fossa of femur	Abducts and rotates thigh laterally
Obturator externus	Medial surface of ischium	Trochanteric fossa of femur	Rotates thigh laterally
Gluteus profundus (gluteus minimus)	Lateral surface of ilium	Greater trochanter of femur	Rotates thigh

HINDLIMB MUSCLES (MEDIAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Tensor fasciae latae	Ilium and fascia of surrounding hip muscles	Fasciae latae covering gluteus medius and vastus lateralis	Tenses fascia latae and extends hindlimb
Vastus lateralis	Greater trochanter of femur	Vastus medialis and rectus femoris	Extends hindlimb
Vastus medialis	Shaft of femur	Patella and head of tibia	Extends hindlimb
Gracilis	Pubis	Medial surface of knee and hindlimb	Adducts hindlimb
Sartorius	Ilium	Patella	Adducts and extends hindlimb
Rectus femoris	Ilium	Tibial crest	Extends hindlimb
Semimembranosus	ischium	Medial surface of tibia	Flexes hindlimb and extends thigh
Tibialis cranialis (tibialis anterior)	Lateral shaft of tibia	1st metatarsal	Extends hindfoot

DEEP MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Adductor magnus	Ischium	Femur	Adducts thigh
Adductor longus	Pubis and ischium	Femur	Adducts thigh
Adductor brevis	Pubis	Femur	Adducts thigh
Pectineus	Cranial edge of pubis	Proximal shaft of femur	Flexes hip and adducts thigh
Psoas major	Last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae	Lesser trochanter of femur	Flexes and rotates thigh
Psoas minor	Last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae	Pubis	Flexes vertebral column
Quadratus lumborum	Iliac crest	Lower border of 13th rib	Flexes vertebral column laterally

DISTAL HINDLIMB (LATERAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Tibialis cranialis (tibialis anterior)	Lateral shaft of tibia	1st metatarsal	Flexes hindfoot
Extensor digitorum longus	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Bases of the four distal phalanges	Extends phalanges
Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)	Tibia	1st and 2nd metatarsals	Flexes and abducts foot
Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)	Tibia	5th metatarsal	Flexes and abducts foot
Gastrocnemius - lateral head	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Calcaneus	Extends hindfoot
Soleus	Head of fibula	Calcaneus	Extends hindfoot
Plantaris	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Calcaneus	Extends hindfoot
Pernoneus tertius (fibularis tertius)	Fibula	1st phalanx of 5th digit	Flexes foot and abducts and extends the 5th digit
Extensor digiti quinti	Lateral epicondyle of femur	5th digit	Extends 5th digit

DISTAL HINDLIMB (MEDIAL)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

MUSCLE NAME	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
Tibialis cranialis (tibialis anterior)	Lateral shaft of tibia	1st metatarsal	Flexes hindfoot
Gastrocnemius - medial head	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Calcaneus	Extends hindfoot
Plantaris	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Calcaneus	Extends hindfoot
Flexor hallucis longus	Tibia	Distal phalanges of the four digits	Flexes hindfoot
Flexor digitorum longus	Tibia and fibula	Distal phalanges of the four digits	Flexes hindfoot