Psychology Learning

Learning = change in behavior because of an experience.

Classical conditioning: involuntary/reflexive reaction or response to stimuli.

Operative conditioning: voluntary response to a stimuli and it involves either reinforcement and/or punishment. (Thorndike’s cat; B.F. Skinner)

positive = adding something, negative = removing something

Behavioral Contingencies

Type: Consequence: prob. of behavior: example:

positive reinforcement add desirable increase gift card for attending

negative reinforcement remove undesirable increase homework pass

positive punishment add undesirable decrease spanking, fine, hangover

negative punishment remove desirable decrease grounded

extinction fail to add the desirable decrease say hi, got no response

Types of learning:

cognitive learning: learning without reinforcement; learned helplesness (Seilgian’s apparatus) latent learning; insight “aha”

observation learning: learning because of an exposure to behavior; Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll, modeling, vicarious conditioning