Science

1. vascular system collection of specialized tissues in some plants that transports mineral nutrients up from the roots and brings sugars down from the leaves

2. Xylem vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

3. Phloem The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants

4. nonvascular plants plant that absorbs water and other substances directly thorugh its cells

5. Gymnosperms A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in fruits

6. Angiosperms A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

7. spore A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

8. sporophyte Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism (2 sets of chromosomes)

9. gametophyte Haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism (one set of chromosomes)

10. Gamete a mature haploid male or female cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

11. Zygote a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

12. alternation of generations life cycle that has two alternating phases—a haploid (N) phase (gametophyte) and diploid (2N) phase (sporophyte)

13. sori fern structures in which spores are produced (clusters of sporangia)

14. frond leaf of a fern

15. sporangia multicellular organs that produce spores

16. rhizoid A thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant.

17. rhizome a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots

18. evergreen a tree that does not lose its leaves in the winter and stays green all year round

19. deciduous Trees and shrubs that shed their leaves at the end of the growing season

conifer a cone-bearing tree

20. Cycads Gymnosperms that grow in tropical or subtropical areas; look like palm trees with cones

21. Ginkos Single species of tree, Ginko biloba, Separate male and female trees

22. yews a tree which has red berry-like fruits

23. Mosses soft, small, green and nonvascular and are found on the ground near water

24. Liverworts a nonvascular plant that's shaped like a human liver. found growing as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream.

25. Ferns Any of numerous flowerless, seedless vascular plants having roots, stems, and fronds and reproducing by spores.

26. cotyledon first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

27. Stomata Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

28. Stamen the male reproductive organ of a flower

29. Anther the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.

30. Pistil Female part of the flower

31. Ovary A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.

32. Style The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.

33. stigma The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains

34. Perfect having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal

35. Imperfect Having male and female reproductive organs in separate plants or animals

36. polygamous A plant that has both perfect flowers and imperfect flowers of both sexes

37. petal A colorful, leaflike structure of some flowers.

38. Sepal A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.

39. root An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

40. stem supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them

41. flower reproductive part of the plant

42. fruit A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal.