OPERATING SYSTEM (LABORATORY 2) REVIEWER

LINUX SOFTWARE

  • Red Hat

    • Uses Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)

  • Debian Package

    • Packaged as a .deb file for Debian

    • Installation commands:

      1. Install Debian: Use the Debian package command (dpkg)

      2. Install Atom:

        • sudo dpkg -i atom-amd64.deb

      3. Remove a package:

        • sudo dpkg -r atom

      4. List installed Debian packages:

        • dpkg -l

      5. Search installed Atom package:

        • dpkg -l | grep atom

        • Pipe Command (|): Takes standard output of one command and sends it to the standard input of another command.

  • Windows Software Packages

    • Packages come in varying formats; primary form is .exe (executable files).

    • Executable Files: Contain instructions for operations (copy, install, perform actions).

    • Includes texts, images, and MSI Files.

      • Microsoft Install Package/MSI File: Guides the Windows installer in installation, maintenance, removal.

        • Creates uninstall instructions for programs.

    • Installation Differences:

      • Custom Installer Route: Provides precise control over actions taken during installation.

      • Windows Installer guided by MSI File: Automates bookkeeping and setup.

      • Windows Store: Microsoft platform for distributing programs; acts as an application repository or warehouse for universal Windows apps compatible with all Windows devices.

      • Uses APX format for app packaging.

INSTALLATION OF EXE FILES

  • From GUI:

    1. Double-click the executable file and install.

  • From CLI: Install depending on the package's requirements.

    • Run EXE files from CLI:

      1. Open command prompt or PowerShell.

      2. Navigate to the directory where the file is located or paste the path.

  • Mobile App Packages

    • Software for mobile OS distributed as applications or apps.

    • Apps must originate from trusted device sources.

    • App Stores: Centralized managed marketplaces for publishing/selling mobile apps; act like package managers.

    • Only signed codes are trusted: App Store services function like a package repository.

      • Centralized App Store: Ideal for public apps.

      • Enterprise App Management: Allows organizations to distribute custom apps not available to the public; signed with an enterprise certificate.

      • Mobile Device Management (MDM) Service: Assists in managing enterprise app installation.

      • Side Loading: Installing mobile apps directly without using an app store (poses risks).

      • Mobile apps are usually standalone with their dependencies.

WINDOWS ARCHIVES

  • Archive: Comprised of one or more files compressed into a single file.

  • Package Archives: Core/source software files compressed.

  • Installation from Source: Installing software from a source archive.

  • Archive Types: Includes .rar, .zip, .tar files.

  • 7-Zip: Open-source tool for archiving/unarchiving different file types.

EXTRACTING AND COMRESSING FILES

  • Using PowerShell:

    1. Open PowerShell.

    2. Command:

      • Compress-Archive -Path (Insert Path) -DestinationPath (New Path)

  • Linux Archives

    • 7-Zip also available on Linux.

      1. Open terminal.

      2. Command:

        • 7z e (filename) (e.g., 7z e myarchive.zip)

    • Tar Command: Also used in Linux for archiving and unarchiving.

WINDOWS PACKAGE DEPENDENCIES

  • Software packages typically rely on other code: Dependencies.

  • Library: Way to bundle useful code as a single unit.

  • Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL): Used by different programs to reduce memory usage.

    • DLL Hell: Issues of incompatibility among DLLs in the past.

    • Side-by-Side Assemblies (SXS): Manages shared libraries and resources in Windows.

  • If an application requires a shared library, it is specified in a manifest.

  • Windows Package Manager: Assists in installing and managing libraries.

    • Windows Package Commandlet: e.g., find-package locates software with dependencies in CLI.

    • Commandlet: PowerShell command format, e.g., find-package.

    • Install Sysinternal Package:

      1. Open PowerShell.

      2. Locate Sysinternals package:

        • Find-Package sysinternals -IncludeDependencies

      3. Register package source if an error occurs:

        • Register-PackageSource -Name chocolatey -ProviderName Chocolatey -Location http://chocolatey.org/api/v2

      4. Verify sources with:

        • Get-PackageSource

      5. Locate again:

        • Find-Package sysinternals -IncludeDependencies

      6. Install package:

        • Install-Package

LINUX PACKAGE DEPENDENCIES

  • Linux may report errors when installing packages like Google Chrome due to dependency issues.

    • Solution: Install the libappindicator1 package.

  • Package Managers: Include tools for easier package installation/removal, including handling dependencies.

    • If a stand-alone package is installed, dependencies are not automatically installed.