GYN/OB and GU test

1. Essay
Q: This scope would be used to see inside the kidneys.
A: Nephroscope

2. Fill in the Blank
Q: The testes is responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.
A: ✅ (Correct)

3. Essay
Q: Difference between cystocele, rectocele, and prolapse
A:

  • Cystocele: Bladder herniates into the vaginal wall

  • Rectocele: Rectum bulges into the vaginal wall

  • Prolapse: Uterus descends into or outside the vaginal canal

4. Fill in the Blank
Q: A radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is a _______.
A: Class II or Class III hysterectomy (depending on extent; "radical hysterectomy" is sufficient for full credit)

5. True/False
Q: Hematuria is commonly observed after cystoscopy.
A: True

6. Essay
Q: Instruments used in both nephrectomy and vascular surgery
A: DeBakey forceps, Satinsky clamp, Fogarty catheter, vascular staplers

7. Multiple Choice
Q: Common instrument for vaginal hysterectomy
A: Weighted speculum

8. Fill in the Blank
Q: A curette is used to scrape the lining of the uterus.
A: ✅ (Correct)

9. Matching – Instruments

  1. Resectoscope – TURP

  2. Cystoscope – Bladder visualization

  3. Nephroscope – Access kidney stones

  4. Ureteroscope – Exam ureter
    ✅ (Correct)

10. Multiple Choice
Q: Leading cause of chronic renal failure
A: Diabetes mellitus

11. Multiple Choice
Q: Primary aim of ureteroscopy
A: To visualize and treat issues within the ureter

12. Multiple Choice
Q: Specialty focused on female reproductive health
A: Gynecology

13. True/False
Q: A hysterectomy removes the ovaries
A: False (Hysterectomy removes uterus; oophorectomy removes ovaries)

14. Essay
Q: Role of OB-GYNs
A: Obstetricians manage pregnancy/childbirth; gynecologists handle female reproductive health (e.g., fibroids, D&C, etc.)

15. Matching – Conditions

  1. Uterine Fibroids – Benign growths

  2. Endometriosis – Endometrial tissue outside uterus

  3. Ovarian Cysts – Fluid-filled sacs
    ✅ (Correct)

16. True/False
Q: Obstetrics is childbirth specialization
A: True

17. Matching – Procedures

  1. Cystectomy – Bladder cancer

  2. Hysterectomy – Uterine fibroids

  3. Prostatectomy – Prostate cancer
    ✅ (Correct with clarifications)

18. Fill in the Blank
Q: Most common UTI pathogen is _______
A: E. coli (not staph)

19. Essay
Q: Conditions requiring gynecologic surgery
A: Fibroids, endometriosis, prolapse, ectopic pregnancy, D&C

20. Fill in the Blank
Q: Surgical removal of the uterus is a _______
A: Hysterectomy ✅ (Correct)

21. Essay
Q: UTI pathophysiology and symptoms
A: Bacterial infection (usually E. coli) → inflammation of urinary tract → symptoms: urgency, frequency, burning, cloudy urine

22. Essay
Q: Common genitourinary surgeries
A:

  • Cystectomy: for bladder cancer

  • Prostatectomy: for prostate cancer

  • Nephrectomy: for kidney disease

  • TURP: for BPH

  • Ureteroscopy: for stones

23. Matching – Kidney Surgeries

  1. Nephrectomy – Remove kidney

  2. Partial Nephrectomy – Remove part

  3. Kidney Transplant – Healthy donor kidney

  4. Lithotripsy – Shock wave stone removal
    ✅ (Correct)

24. True/False
Q: Nephrectomy removes one or both kidneys
A: True

25. Essay
Q: Laparoscopic vs Open Hysterectomy
A: Laparoscopic: small incisions, faster recovery
Open: larger incision, longer stay, more risks

26. Essay
Q: Two prostate removal methods
A: TURP and Radical Prostatectomy

27. True/False
Q: TURP treats kidney stones
A: False (It treats BPH, not stones)

28. Matching – Procedures

  1. Hysteroscopy – Uterine scope

  2. Myomectomy – Remove fibroids

  3. Vulvectomy – Remove external genitalia

  4. Salpingectomy – Remove fallopian tubes
    ✅ (Correct)

29. Essay
Q: What is amenorrhea?
A: Absence of menstruation (can be primary or secondary)

30. Multiple Choice
Q: Dialysis with machine
A: Hemodialysis

31. Fill in the Blank
Q: A fibroid is a benign tumor of the _______
A: Myometrium

32. Essay
Q: When is the first uterine count during C-section?
A: During closure of uterus—after checking myometrium and endometrium

33. Matching – Urological Conditions

  1. Kidney Stones – Crystal masses

  2. UTI – Bacterial infection

  3. Prostatitis – Inflamed prostate

  4. Erectile Dysfunction – Erection issues
    ✅ (Correct)

34. Fill in the Blank
Q: Penile implant is placed _______
A: Inside the corpora cavernosa

35. Essay
Q: Scope with bipolar + suction
A: Bipolar resectoscope

36. Fill in the Blank
Q: Final cut of hysterectomy made with _______
A: Metzenbaum scissors

37. True/False
Q: Ureteral stents relieve hydronephrosis
A: True

38. Essay
Q: Name two suprapubic catheters
A: Malecot and Pezzer catheter

39. Fill in the Blank
Q: Vasectomy involves cutting the _______
A: Vas deferens

40. Multiple Choice
Q: Hysterectomy that leaves cervix?
A: Supracervical

41. Essay
Q: Treatment for kidney stones
A: Lithotripsy (for stones caused by calcium/oxalate)

42. Fill in the Blank
Q: Blood in urine is _______
A: Hematuria

43. Essay
Q: What is dialysis?
A: Filtration of blood using a machine due to kidney failure—removes waste, excess fluid, and balances electrolytes

44. Essay
Q: Inflow and outflow w/ suction in urology
A: Continuous irrigation is needed to maintain clear view and prevent thermal injury during procedures like TURP

45. True/False
Q: UTIs can lead to chronic kidney disease
A: True