KABANATA IV: PANAHON ng KILUSANG PROPAGANDA

  • Sanhi ng paglaganap ng damdaming makabayan:

    • Paniniil, pagsasamantala, at paghamak sa mga Pilipino

    • Suliranin sa sekularisasyon at maling pamamalakad ng pamahalaan at simbahan

    • Pakikipagkalakalang pandaigdig ng Pilipinas

    • Pagkabuo ng "middle class" o gitnang uri

    • Pagpasok ng diwang liberal

    • Pag-alsa ng mga kawal at manggagawa sa arsenal sa Cavite

    • Pagbitay sa tatlong paring martir

  • Kilusang Propaganda:

    • Pinangungunahan nina Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Fanganiban, Pedro Paterno, at iba pa

    • Umanib sa masoneria at sa Asociacion Hispano-Filipino

    • Itinatag ang pahayagang La Solidaridad

Ang naging kasangkapan sa pagpapahayag ng kani-kanilang kuru-kuro

  • Mga sanaysay at ibang lathain

  • Layunin ng pagbabago

  • Tinutuligsa ang di mabuting ginagawa ng mga prayle

  • Laban sa mga prayle ang namamayaning damdamin

Mga manunulat at ang kanilang mga akda

JOSE RIZAL (Dimasalang, Laong Laan)

  • Isinilang sa Calamba

  • Hinirang na Pambansang Bayani

  • Kinikilalang manggagamot, paham, at siyentipiko sa Europa

  • Nakapagsasalita ng 22 wika ng daigdig

  • Nakapaglakbay sa silangan, Amerika, at Europa

  • Nag-aral ng pagkamanggagamot sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas

  • Nagtapos ng pagkamanggagamot sa Facultad de San Carlos de Madrid

  • Kumuha ng post-graduate sa mga Unibersidad ng Berlin, Leipzig, at Heidelberg

  • Ipinatapon sa Dalpitan dahil sa kinalaman sa kilusan hinggil sa paghihimagsik

Mga Akda ni Rizal:

  1. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA (Sa Kabataang Filipino)

    • Nagsasaad ng pag-asa ni Rizal sa kabataang Pilipino

    • Isinulat noong 1879 habang nag-aaral sa UST

    • Nagkamit ng gantimpala sa isang timpalak-panitikan

  2. MI ULTIMO ADIOS (Ang Huli Kong Paalam)

    • Nagsasaad ng walang hanggang pag-ibig ni Rizal sa bayang sinilangan

    • Ipinagkaloob niya ang buhay niya para sa kalayaan ng bayan

    • Consummatum Est!(It is Finished) huling salita ni Rizal.

  3. SA MGA KABABAYANG DALAGA SA MALOLOS (Europa, Pebrero 1889)

    • Pagbati ng mga kababaihang

    • Tagubilin

  4. NOLI ME TANGERE AT EL FILIBUSTERISMO

    • Ang Noli Me Tangere ay inihandog sa kanyang bayan samantala ang El Filibusterismo ay sa tatlong paring sina Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez at Jacinto Zamora.

    • Naglalaman ng mga sakit ng bayan, di tamang edukasyong ikinalat ng mga prayleng Kastila, mga diwastong pamamalakad na iminulat sa atin hinggil sa pamahalaan at simbahan.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

  • Born in Cupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan

  • Worked as a court clerk and "official de mesa" before finishing his law degree

  • Influenced by his teacher Herminigildo Flores to love the country and fight for its rights

  • Known for his straightforward and honest writings in Tagalog, which made him popular among the common people

  • Founded and edited the Tagalog newspaper "Diariong Tagalog" in 1882

  • Used various pen names in his writings, such as Plaridel, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat

  • Became the editor of the newspaper "La Solidaridad" in Madrid, replacing Graciano Lopez Jaena

  • Died of tuberculosis and was buried in Barcelona

  • Works of Marcelo H. del Pilar

    • "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" (Love for the Native Land) - a translation of Rizal's poem "Amor Propio" published in Diariong Tagalog in 1882

    • "Kaiigat Kayo" - a satirical response to Padre Jose Rodriguez's criticism of Rizal's "Noli Me Tangere"

    • "Ang Cadaquilaan Ng Dios" (The Greatness of God) - an essay criticizing the friars but expressing love for nature

    • "Sagot Ng Espanya Sa Hibik Ng Pilipinas" (Spain's Response to the Plea of the Philippines) - a Tagalog poem responding to Herminigildo Flores' poem "Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya" (Plea of the Philippines to Mother Spain)

    • "Dasalan At Tocbohan" is a satirical parody of the catechism, specifically targeting the friars. Written by del Pilar in Barcelona in 1888, it gained him the nickname "pilibustero" from Rizal. Rizal praised it as a prime example of Tagalog humor and genius. This parody features altered prayers, questions, and answers from the catechism to criticize the friars. While some argue it is disrespectful to religion, del Pilar's aim is to critique the friars, not God. Let's explore some excerpts from this work.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

  • Graciano Lopez Jaena's writing style was persuasive, fiery, fearless, and powerful.

    • He was considered the Demosthenes of the Philippines.

    • He wrote a hundred speeches.

  • He went to Barcelona to seek refuge from the persecution of the Spanish friars and government officials.

  • He founded and led the newspaper La Solidaridad, which served as the mouthpiece of the Propaganda Movement in 1889.

  • He was a member of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipino, an organization that aimed for change.

  • He wrote "Fray Botod" in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, four years after the Cavite uprising.

    • The character Fray Botod was described as greedy, ambitious, and unworthy of being a servant of the church.

    • The term "botod" in Bisaya means a large belly, implying that the friars only cared about indulging themselves and not the spiritual well-being of the people.

    • The friars would demand exorbitant fees for baptizing the dead, disregarding those who couldn't afford it.

    • They used the names of God and the Virgin Mary to extort money.

    • Fray Botod would prioritize attending to those who could pay him handsomely, and if someone couldn't pay, he would delegate the task to his assistant.

    • Sometimes, he would engage in gambling.

  • Graciano Lopez Jaena died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896.

Iba Pang Manunulat Ng Panahong Ito:

MARIANO PONCE

I. Background

A. Born in Baliwag, Bulakan on March 22, 1863

B. Proficient in three languages: Spanish, Tagalog, and English

C. Used symbolic figures like Tikbalang, Nanding, and Kalipulako

II. Literary Works

A. "Ang Pagpugot Kay Longinos"

1. Tagalog play known as "Moriones"

2. Performed in the plaza of Malolos

B. "Ang mga Alamat ng Bulakan"

1. Collection of folktales and legends from the province of Bulacan

PASCUAL POBLETE

  • Born on May 17, 1856 in Naic, Cavite

  • Renowned Filipino novelist, poet, and journalist

  • Known as the Father of the Filipino Press

  • Collaborated with del Pilar in writing for the Diarong Tagalog in 1882

  • Established and led the newspaper El Resumen in 1889

  • Fearlessly criticized the corruption and oppression of the Spanish authorities

  • Persecuted, tortured, and eventually exiled to Africa

  • Returned to the Philippines during the American occupation

  • Founded the newspapers El Grito and Tinig ng Bayan

  • Expressed the deep desire of Filipinos for independence in both Spanish and Tagalog

  • Translated Rizal's Noli Me Tangere into Tagalog

ANTONIO LUNA

  • Birth: October 29, 1863, in Urbis, Tondo, Manila

  • Profession: Pharmacist

  • Arrested and deported to Spain

  • Used the pen name Tagalog

  • Wrote extensively on Filipino customs and criticized government and church practices

  • Led the newspaper La Independencia

  • Played a key role in the Philippine Revolution and the First Philippine Republic

  • Skilled in handling weapons

  • Appointed as a general by General Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine-American War

  • Shot and killed in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija

  • Recognition and appreciation for his contributions are still lacking