graphs

Examples of non-linear texts are:

1.     Graphs– these are the representation of data represented by symbols or legends.

Different Kinds of Graph

a.     A CIRCLE GRAPH is shaped like a circle. It is divided into fractions that look like pieces of pie, so sometimes a circle graph is called a pie graph. Many times the fractional parts are different colors and a key explains the colors.

Pie Chart Uses:

●      When you want to create and represent the composition of something.

●      It is very useful for displaying nominal or ordinal categories of data.

●      To show percentage or proportional data.

●      When comparing areas of growth within a business such as profit.

●      Pie charts work best for displaying data for 3 to 7categories.

b.     A BAR GRAPH uses bars to show data. The bars can be vertical (up and down), or horizontal (across). The data can be in words or numbers.

Bar Charts Uses:

●      When you want to display data that are grouped into nominal or ordinal categories (see nominal vs ordinal data).

●      To compare data among different categories.

●      Bar graph can also show large data changes over time.

●      Bar charts are ideal for visualizing the distribution of data when we have more than three categories.

c.     The PICTOGRAPH OR A PICTOGRAM is one of the most visually appealing types of graphs and charts that display numerical information with the use of icons or picture symbols to represent data sets.

Pictograph Uses:

●      When your audience prefers and understands better displays that include icons and illustrations. Fun can promote learning.

●      It’s habitual for infographics to use a pictogram.

●      When you want to compare two points in an emotionally powerful way.

d.     A HISTOGRAM shows continuous data in ordered rectangular columns. Usually, there are no gaps between the columns. At first glance, histograms look alike to bar graphs. However, there is a key difference between them. Bar Chart represents categorical data while histogram represents continuous data.

Uses of Histogram:

●      When the data is continuous.

●      When you want to represent the shape of the data’s distribution.

●      When you want to see whether the outputs of two or more processes are different.

●      To summarize large data sets graphically.

●      To communicate the data distribution quickly to others.

e.     A LINE GRAPH (line chart) graphically displays data that changes continuously over time. Each line graph consists of points that connect data to show a trend (continuous change). Line graphs have an x-axis and a y-axis. In the most cases, time is distributed on the horizontal axis.

Uses of line graphs:

●      When you want to show trends. For example, how house prices have increased over time.

●      When you want to make predictions based on a data history over time.

●      When comparing two or more different variables,

situations, and information over a given period of time.

2.     Tables - are structured for organizing and displaying information, with data arranged in columns and rows. Information is displayed as text, using words and numbers, and grid lines may be present or not. Tables make it easy to compare pairs of related values (e.g., quarterly sales over several years).

3.     Information Maps – a generic term for ways of visually representing relationships between information, ideas and concepts. They are sometimes called knowledge map or graphic organizers. Examples are circle map, spider map, Venn diagram, tree chart, organizational chart, cause and effect map, T-chart, timeline chart, storyboard and concept map.

a.     VENN DIAGRAM - is great for helping to find similarities and differences between concepts. The similarities in a Venn diagram are placed in the union between two or more circles, while the differences are placed where the previous circles don’t meet.

b.     TREE CHART - the tree chart resembles a real tree, and some people even associate it with a family tree. The topmost section is the main title or topic, below are the qualifiers or subtopics. Below the subtopics, the relevant information forms a list.

c.     ORGANIZATIONAL CHART - Although it looks similar to a tree chart, an organizational chart has a different purpose. An organizational chart is more about hierarchy.

d.     CAUSE-EFFECT MAP - The cause and effect map helps to figure out the causes and effects of certain events. The way to use it is to start with a main event, which fills the main central section of the map.

e.     T-CHART - It's used mainly for comparing two topics. The most common use for a T-Chart is to compare the pros and cons of a decision that needs to be made.

f.       TIMELINE CHART - A timeline chart is a long line representing a span of time. All along the line, connected shapes stem out depicting events happening on certain dates. The events are organized in chronological order.