AP Chem Unit 1 Notes

Page 1: Lab Safety

  • Lab safety rules and precautions

    • Wear closed-toed shoes, lab apron, and proper goggles

    • Avoid loose clothing and leave extra items off

    • Follow instructions and don't work alone

    • Don't eat or drink in the lab

  • Safety equipment

    • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): goggles, aprons, gloves

    • Fire blanket and eyewash station

    • Don't mess with safety equipment

Page 2: Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration

  • Understanding Coulomb's law and its application

  • Writing electron configuration and noble gas notation

  • Shell model and its relation to the energy of electrons

  • Principal Quantum Number (n) and its relation to the size and energy of orbitals

  • Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) and its relation to the shape of orbitals

  • Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) and its relation to the orientation of orbitals

  • Spin Quantum Number (ms) and its relation to the direction of electron spin

Page 3: Magnetic Quantum Number and d orbitals

  • Explanation of d orbitals and their shapes

  • Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) and its values for d orbitals

Page 4: Periodic Trends & Coulomb's Law

  • Explanation of Coulomb's law and its relation to atomic properties

  • Valence electrons and their role in determining atomic properties

  • Effective Charge and its relation to Group I elements and Chlorine

  • Stronger effective charge leads to smaller atomic radius and higher ionization energy

  • Electron affinity and its relation to Coulomb forces

Page 5: Halogens and Electron Affinity

  • Halogens have high electron affinity

  • Chlorine releases energy when gaining electrons

Page 6: Photoelectron Spectroscopy

  • Using photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze electron configuration

  • Binding energy and its relation to the removal of electrons

  • Outermost binding energy and its relation to the energy level of electrons

Page 7: Unit 1 Notes - Molar Mass and Stoichiometry

  • Molar mass and its relation to isotopes and relative abundance

  • Avogadro's number and its relation to the number of atoms in a mole

  • Molecular mass and its relation to the mass of a mole of a substance

  • Stoichiometry and its importance in chemical calculations

Page 8: Mass Spectrometry and Elemental Composition

  • Mass spectrometry and its use in determining elemental composition

  • Calculation of elemental composition based on peak heights

  • Empirical and molecular formulas and their use in determining composition

Page 9: Periodic Trends - Effective Nuclear Charge and Shielding

  • Explanation of effective nuclear charge (Zeff) and its relation to shielding

  • Shielding effect and its impact on valence electrons and ionization energy

Page 10: Ionic Radii and Coulomb's Law

  • Relationship between ionic radii and Coulomb's law

  • Oppositely charged ions and their sizes

  • Nuclear charge and its effect on ionization energy

Page 11: Electron Affinity and Diagonal Relationship

  • Electron affinity and its relation to the energy released when an atom acquires an electron

  • Diagonal relationship and its relation to the closeness of charges and densities

  • Electronegativity and its measure of an atom's tendency to attract bonding pairs

Page 12: Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds

  • Ground state electron configuration and its relation to valence electrons

  • Naming and representing ions and isotopes

  • Ionic compounds and their formulas and models