Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virgina company. They established the first representive assembly, the House of Burgess. Plymouth was founded by the pilgrims seeking religous freedom. The establishment of these colonies marked the beginning of permanent English settlements in North America, paving the way for further expansion and development.

There are 3 colonial regions: New England colonies, Middle colonies and the southern colonies. The new england colonies were based on fishing, shipbuilding, and trade. They were dominated puritainsm in the New England colonies, which influenced their social, political, and religious structures, creating a community focused on strict moral codes and communal responsibility. The middle colonies were characterized by a more diverse population and economy, with a focus on agriculture, trade, and a mix of different religious practices, including Quakers and Catholics, which fostered a culture of tolerance and cooperation. The southern colonies were huge on plantation culture and slave labor. The southern colonies also developed a hierarchical society, where wealth and land ownership dictated social status, leading to significant disparities in power and influence among the colonists.

Slavery began in 1619 in Virgina. The triangular trade played a crucial role in the economy of the colonies, facilitating the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slavey was an integral part of the southern economy, providing the labor force necessary for the cultivation of cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo, which were highly profitable in both domestic and international markets, but it was not big in the New England and Middle colonies. In contrast, these regions focused more on small-scale farming and trade, which did not rely heavily on enslaved labor, leading to different social and economic structures.

The proclamtion of 1763 was issued by King George The third and prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains to prevent conflicts with Native Americans. Colonists were looking to explain westward, so they were angered by this and felt it was unnecessary. The stamp act (1765) imposed a tax on all printed materials. Colonists felt that this was unfair, and created the slogan “no taxation without representation”. The intolerable acts (1774) were a series of punitive measures taken by the British government in response to the Boston Tea Party, further escalating tensions between the colonies and Britain. . Mercantilism is a theory that colonies existsed to benefit Britain. The colonies were expected to provide raw materials to Britain and buy British goods. Colonists felt that the navigation acts, which restricted trade with other countries , were another example of British oppression, as they limited economic freedom and forced colonists to rely solely on British merchants. There was also a huge lack of representation in the British Parliment , which fueled the desire for self-governance among the colonists and led to the rallying cry of "no taxation without representation." This sentiment was critical in uniting the colonies against British rule. After the french and indian war, britain was in deep debt and begin imposing taxes ib colonies to help pay for the war. Sugar act and Stamp act led to large protests and boycotts across the colonies, as colonists organized to resist the imposition of these taxes without their consent.

Crispus Attucks was the first person to die in the Boston massacre. Patrick henry coined the phase “Give me liberty or give me death”.

The battle of lexington and concord was important becuase it was known as the shot heard around the world, and marked the conflict between Britain and The colonies.