Flash Guide
📚 Flashcards: Transcription in Connected Speech
(Based on your PowerPoint + study guide — )
🧠 Core Concepts (Definition Style)
Flashcard 1
Q: Why do SLPs use phonetic transcription?
A: To accurately document, analyze, and communicate speech sound productions and errors for diagnosis and treatment.
Flashcard 2
Q: What is an articulation disorder?
A: A motor-based difficulty producing specific speech sounds correctly; the speaker is usually aware of the errors.
Flashcard 3
Q: What is a phonological disorder?
A: A language-based issue involving patterns of sound errors; the speaker is often unaware of mistakes.
Flashcard 4
Q: What are phonological processes?
A: Predictable patterns of sound errors that are typical in development but problematic if they persist beyond expected ages.
🔤 SODA Errors (VERY TESTABLE)
Flashcard 5
Q: What does SODA stand for?
A: Substitutions, Omissions, Distortions, Additions
Flashcard 6
Q: Give an example of substitution.
A: /pwe/ for “play”
Flashcard 7
Q: Give an example of omission.
A: /kæ/ for “cat”
Flashcard 8
Q: Give an example of distortion.
A: /s̯up/ for “soup”
Flashcard 9
Q: Give an example of addition.
A: /dɑgɪ/ for “dog”
🧩 Phonological Processes
Flashcard 10
Q: What is final consonant deletion (FCD)?
A: The omission of the final consonant in a word.
Example: /pɪ/ for “pig”
Flashcard 11
Q: What is stopping?
A: Replacing a fricative with a stop consonant.
Example: /top/ for “soap”
Flashcard 12
Q: What is weak syllable deletion?
A: Omitting unstressed syllables in multisyllabic words.
Example: /ɛfənt/ for “elephant”
📝 Broad vs. Narrow Transcription (HIGH PRIORITY)
Flashcard 13
Q: What is broad transcription?
A: A general transcription using basic phonemes without detail.
Example: /tæt/ for “cat”
Flashcard 14
Q: What is narrow transcription?
A: A detailed transcription using diacritics to show subtle variations in speech.
Example: /s̪ʌn/ for “sun”
🔍 Diacritics (Know These)
Flashcard 15
Q: What are diacritics?
A: Symbols added to IPA to show detailed speech characteristics.
Flashcard 16
Q: What is an unreleased stop?
A: A stop consonant without a burst of air.
Example: /pʊt̚/
Flashcard 17
Q: What is nasal emission?
A: Air escapes through the nose during speech.
Example: /pʌpɪ/
Flashcard 18
Q: What is denasality?
A: Reduced nasal resonance.
Example: /m̃ɑm̃/
Flashcard 19
Q: What is devoicing?
A: A voiced sound produced without vocal fold vibration.
Example: /hæz̥/
Flashcard 20
Q: What is voicing (diacritic)?
A: A normally voiceless sound produced with vocal fold vibration.
Example: /k̬ʌt/
Flashcard 21
Q: What is dentalization?
A: Tongue contacts the teeth during sound production.
Example: /s̪up/
Flashcard 22
Q: What is lateralization?
A: Air escapes over the sides of the tongue.
Example: /sˡaʊɚ/
Flashcard 23
Q: What is prolongation?
A: A sound is held longer than normal.
Example: /kɑː/
🗣 Connected Speech (Likely Short Answer)
Flashcard 24
Q: What is connected speech?
A: Natural speech where sounds influence each other across word boundaries.
Flashcard 25
Q: Why is connected speech important in transcription?
A: Because sounds change depending on context, requiring more detailed (often narrow) transcription.