Tissues

1. Classify epithelial tissue based on shape and arrangement and give examples:

- Shape:

- Squamous: Flat and scale-like (e.g., lining of blood vessels)

- Cuboidal: Cube-shaped (e.g., kidney tubules)

- Columnar: Column-shaped (e.g., lining of the digestive tract)

- Arrangement:

- Simple: Single layer (e.g., simple squamous epithelium in the lungs)

- Stratified: Multiple layers (e.g., stratified squamous epithelium in the skin)

2. Name the types of glands in the body and give examples:

- Exocrine glands: Release substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities (e.g., sweat glands, salivary glands).

- Endocrine glands: Release hormones directly into the bloodstream (e.g., thyroid gland, adrenal gland).

3. Name the functions of connective tissue:

- Support and structural framework

- Protection of organs

- Transportation of substances

- Energy storage

- Immune system response

4. Compare epithelial tissue with connective tissue in terms of cell arrangement and interstitial materials:

- Epithelial Tissue:

- Cells are closely packed.

- Little to no intercellular material.

- Connective Tissue:

- Cells are dispersed in an extracellular matrix.

- Abundant intercellular material.

5. Name the three major types of connective tissue:

- Connective Tissue Proper: Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue

- Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood, lymph

- Supporting Connective Tissue: Cartilage, bone

6. List the functions of epithelial tissue and give examples:

- Protection (e.g., skin epithelium)

- Absorption (e.g., intestinal epithelium)

- Secretion (e.g., glandular epithelium)

7. List the three types of muscle and describe each based on function:

- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary movement and locomotion.

- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary movements of internal organs.

- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary contraction of the heart.

8. Describe the anatomy of a neuron and the function of the nervous tissue:

- Neuron Anatomy: Cell body, dendrites, axon.

- Function: Transmit and process nerve impulses.

9. Name the layers of the epidermis:

- Stratum corneum

- Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)

- Stratum granulosum

- Stratum spinosum

- Stratum basale

10. Define keratinization:

- Process of cells becoming filled with keratin (a tough, fibrous protein) as they move to the outermost layer of the epidermis, providing protection.

11. Explain why there are skin color differences between people:

- Due to variations in the amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin.

12. Describe the anatomic parts of a hair:

- Hair follicle, root, shaft, and bulb.

13. Compare the two kinds of glands in the skin based on structure and secretion:

- Sebaceous Glands: Produce sebum (oil) and are connected to hair follicles.

- Sweat Glands: Eccrine glands (produce watery sweat for temperature regulation) and apocrine glands (produce a milky, fatty sweat associated with body odor).

14. Explain why sweating is so important to survival:

- Sweating helps regulate body temperature by dissipating heat through evaporative cooling.

15. Explain how the skin regulates body temperature:

- Through mechanisms like sweating (cooling effect), vasodilation (increased blood flow), and piloerection (raising of hairs to trap heat or release it).

16. Name the functions of the skin:

- Protection, regulation of body temperature, sensation, secretion, and absorption.