Unit 6 Consequences of Industrialization

Technological Change: Framework for historical changes between 1750 and 1900.
- Industrial growth led to wider commodity exchange, expanded overseas empires, and new migration patterns.

Causes of Imperialism: Increased competition among industrializing states spurred desires for colonies.
- Strengthened control over existing colonies (example: British in India).
- Expansion into new regions evident in the rapid European colonization of Africa.
- Emergence of economic imperialism in parts of Latin America and Asia.
- Justifications for control included Social Darwinism and religious ideologies.
Shifts in Power:
- Decline of Portuguese and Spanish, expansion of British, French, and Russian empires.
- Emergence of the United States and Japan as new imperial powers.

Anti-Colonial Movements: Resistance directed against imperialism reflected larger trends of nationalism.
- Forms of resistance included rebellions, establishment of independent states, and religiously influenced responses.
- These movements contributed to decolonization in the 20th century.

Transportation and Economic Opportunity: New methods of transport fueled long-distance migration.
- Economic forces spurred global urbanization and migration, both voluntarily and coerced.
- Coerced migration included slavery and indentured servitude, affecting demographics and cultures.

1815: Serbia achieves independence by taking advantage of Ottoman Empire's weakening.
1857: Indian Rebellion against British rule.
1883: Samory Touré begins to fight France in West Africa.
1865: Leopold II begins rule and oversees the invasion of Congo.
1884: European powers meet in Berlin to agree on colonizing Africa.

Imperialism Rationales: Ideologies that shaped imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
State Expansion: Comparative processes of state power shifts around the world during this period.
Indigenous Responses: Explain how internal and external factors influenced state-building.
Global Economic Development: Environmental factors impacting the global economy.
Economic Imperialism: Economic motivations driving the development of global economies.
Patterns of Migration: Environmental and economic drivers of migration.
Effects of Migration: The societal impact of emerging migration patterns.
Imperialism Consequences: Evaluate the relative significance of imperialism's effects.

White Man's Burden: Rudyard Kipling's poem justifying colonialism as a moral obligation.
Nationalism: The role of nationalism in driving imperialist ambitions of Western powers.
Technological Superiority: Justifications based on perceived technological advantages.
Social Darwinism: Misapplication of Darwin's theories to justify imperial expansion and cultural superiority.
Religious Duty: Missionary efforts portrayed as a civilizing mission alongside imperialism.

King Leopold II's Ambitions: Personal rule over Congo prompted aggressive colonial policies, ultimately facing backlash.
Africa's Scramble: European nations competed for African territories.
Berlin Conference of 1884: Establishing colonial boundaries and trade agreements without African representation.

National Movements: Examples of emerging nationalist movements opposed to imperialism (e.g., Túpac Amaru II in Peru).
Resisting Westernization: Conflicts such as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 marking the rise of nationalism in colonized regions.

Economic Motivations: Industrialization's demand for raw materials prompted imperialism.
Technological Impact: Development of railroads and steamships transformed transportation and trade.
Shift to Cash Cropping: Colonies shifted focus from subsistence farming to cash crops for export.

Results and Consequences: Economic exploitation resulting in monocultures and dependence of colonies on imperial powers.
Labor Exploitation: The role of coerced labor systems, including indentured servitude and contract labor agreements.

Labor Systems: Migration spurred by both voluntary and coerced labor needs led to significant demographic changes.
Cultural Enclaves: Immigrant communities formed, preserving cultural practices while influencing local societies.
Ethnic Prejudice: Unfavorable treatment towards migrant groups, exemplified by legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Impact of Imperialism: Exploring how imperialism reshaped global economic and political landscapes.
Rising Standards of Living: Industrialization increased the availability of goods but also intensified social inequalities.
Resistance Movements: Seeds of national independence movements were planted in response to imperialist oppression and exploitation.