Treaties

Treaty of Kanagawa

  • 1854
  • Between U.S. and Japan
  • Japan was isolated but the U.S. opened them up for trade with this treaty
  • U.S. got rights and priority in Japanese trade
    • Ports
    • Japan must provide resources for U.S. if they come to those ports
  • Japan no longer follows isolationism
  • Japan doesn’t want to be like China, so they industrialize
  • U.S. has more influence

Treaty of Amity

  • 1876
  • Between Korea and Japan
  • An unfair treaty that attempts to make Korea independent but makes it a protectorate of Japan
  • Opens up Korea for trade
  • Japan leverages public support/japanization in Korea
  • Gains three ports for trade
  • Granted extraterritorial rights to Japanese citizens

Treaty of Shimonoseki

  • 1895
  • Between China and Japan
  • Ended the first Sino-Japanese war causing Japan to win
  • Acknowledges “independent” Korea
  • Korea becomes a launching point for incursions into Manchuria for Japan
  • China cedes control of Manchuria
  • Japan’s debut as an industrialized power
  • China becomes weak
  • Leads to Russo-Japanese War

Treaty of Portsmouth

  • September 5, 1905
  • Between Russia and Japan by Roosevelt
  • Ends Russo-Japanese war
  • Japan gains two major provisions
  • Japan wins the war
  • Japan becomes more recognized as a global power for winning another war
  • Leads to operation in Korea for political and economical gain

Treaty of Versailles

  • 1919
  • Armistice treaty with Germany and Allies (U.S., France, UK, and Japan)
  • Ended WW1
  • Germany must…
    • Pay reparations
    • Disarm
    • Lose territory
    • Give up overseas colonies
  • Japan uses this to…
    • Delegate its power
    • Establish clear control of German colonial possessions in China, controls German colonies in China
    • Promote Racial Equality Clause
    • Which gets turned down and leads to tension between Japan and the West

The Washington Conference

  • 1921
  • U.S., Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, China, and Japan
  • Held in order to establish new relationship agreements
  • Ratio of battleships 5:5:3:1.75:1.75 (US, GB, JP, FRA, IT)
  • States all powers must respect the “administrative integrity of China” (Twenty One Demands)
  • Must confer if any crisis occurs
  • Encourages acceptance of Shidehara Kijuro’s “economy through peace”
  • US and Britain reevaluate relations with Japan
  • Democratic forms mimicked in Japan (universal male suffrage)