Clean

There are six different types of interemdiate filemtsn there are 70 genes that are going to enode for them ad there are 210 cell types and that means that eveyr cell type is going to have three IF’ tupes.

The basic uni fo the intermeidat eiflmetsn are gonig ot be dimers and the dimer sa reoiigng ot hav ea n hea dn c tial and absically waht thsu eman is that hte tial is going ot be large eht emieor so is oign go tha velaoha and hte laphs a ar eoigng ot bidnt ogeher and in order to two they form a coiled coil and cbaisllhte the ends ar eoging o t be there. and another thing is hta thtey dont bind no ncueltoides no gtp nao atp and they are na euqilrbium stat ebeuca sety eodnt need enrgy in order ot bind anything. and so they are quelbrium anotehr thing is tha thte idmer ar e oging ot bidntg oa tnoerh edimer ot form a tetra mae r and tetram mer is going ot make proitfialme and the orotie four of those are oigng o make a protifbirl an four of htse ar eoging ot bto make a pintemridal fiemtsn and they ahve no polarity becaus eht c’s are oging ot be opost eo feahcother when the hbidn to another trame and this wa seeen in the imunog godl iwth tht ogld parti and abitto and . they are stbale and storna nother things i sthat ther helix is goin to be one turn is 7 amin acids na dht e7th is oging othave a miano acid reisid eand theya re going ot be hdryopbo abd in this hcase they are giong to hid inteh coild coil alpha helix. ya ata they can be psotinve and negati veos they hav eno poalri ta dhtey are goingto be ocnsived th eoppst eantiparlla ei soging ot be ocnsided

so the fist ones wer elamisn and they are int ehnculus and the ar eoigng o thav enthye cul isnglaingioa na they are a slog oging ot have hte sutpid ahh parneyaltin aafte rnaimal ivered form plants the isngal na dt epernaylaitb ilit ways los t. gfks

so how ot kow theu tunron ove they did the frap the frlsoucne reiover afte rphrobtleac wherne they saw that the ti took 20 to one horus inutl acitn tha tis 2 to two mins and so it was a slow tunronve b tu they are really stbale and storn ando naother hing they di dis the lfouccne monomer and they saw tha tlfousmemtn eoms wer ebeigna dded ot the alreayd eexisitn intemrdia teiflmatn ans saw it otoke 20 to one hours.

so how to study teym

to test what hapepns if we remvied ht estrucut rehty are going ot

they dot need not other poeitn in rode rto help them b uild and os the jsut adde dmonoemr dimer tetramtenr an dtheu sa tha thte intemrdi fielmts are oging ot form indinely form eoachtoenra nd then antoehr htingis hta tausllyw aht they did is that added an anditndot othe cell cutlure to see what happensin a loss ofucntionf ucntion andt ehwaht theydisaw is that hte iflemtsn are going to not form but hte cel is goign to be okay .

but they watned to tes this out in a live osbut this was done precrisp and beof ei it si ahardo tmake a ntrnangenicn animal wiht both genes loss ofucniotn it was easeir to add a dmininant gne ewsp what ha[p[ne di sht athey dadded a domtinnegia vege that is going to integrate to the chormeo rnadmolya ndt hen the pehtno will be abelt o see. tos they added his tot the mic eand make a trnamgeim cmcous and asen stehdito pf othe mosue keratin 14

Cuz they were teitn ghtis in keriant and keritn twen is the ot and keritn 1 4i sthe b ototm an d so in keraitn they did this and what happensi st hat keraint 10 is going o be isufnciontal and then i mci ehtey saw tha ti tiw most liellty to caus eblsi8te rand in the ultur einsc eht clel are ngovmeing nogthign was seen ebcaus ehtye arne gmvoeing adn the mic e and anre o noather thing is that baiclafly

relaizedthat kearing and itnemrie filemt are neede to ol cell toghtly togehte rbeuca seht intmerf of one cell areo fiong og tbidn ot the intemrdiuat eof another clel and b ascially they do this through tht entrmamebr epoinets and wito

and sowith that htey arebale to withdst astrandi ad stre

deisn are going ot be for the sutpid ash msiucle na diwhtout funciton fo the deins in that mscule clel then t will lea dot msucle failure and bacisllwhat this emans is that the msucle are ogingot fial sinc ei ticannto withstna dstress form contiraotins another one is the nrueomfielst the eruosn are going ot be three feet ogfrm hrt episn to ur ig toe and this menas that hte neurofielsm are oging ot be insid eht enrueon atn ehis is goign to stop it from breakign, steep doup conditiontg, and make is tstrong.

disea of hte kerain 13 o4 6 is going ot be bsite ro rloss of

oh i forgbot to mention that kertin oringiated form insects tha thave their har dsketlon outsid ena3 that i si whty the cells are ihgl a nd onow tisnc ehte i sno tneed for that and ther i sskeltons in the mona nd theya re in the skin,a dn the Huamns baisclaly came from enathder dal sna they have wer eofmr the afirc an aot we

froma firca to the east and now wer are oging ot havv eskin pigemtn tion.

oopsi i forgto to mentioant tha thte negait codm allels is going to amake a mutat ed proeint and this is oging ot disurp the intemreidal fiemtsn

okei recap of all of topic nine that i just learned okei so baciall all u gotta know is that mciubtuels are oging ot be form dimers , each dimer is going ot have a monomer and yte monoerm si going to be alpha tubulian dnbeta tubulina dn baisclly wat this means si thtis

okei recap os basiclaly wer areoing goitn to hav etes lapha nd beta na dhte alpoha is stu in the gtp form and beta is abel the o chdyaliz en awhne they dbing toehte hter eaer iogn tobe seam shte b is usual nec to the sme abut hwen the a is nex to the b it is oging ot be the seam and so thritheen proriflemtns ar eoging ot make a mcirubtuel. mcirbuels are hollow in the middle and they ahve

mcb tuels and

they are going ot be in naimal sclel sna idn filclia nf algaellum ‘

aials calle s aroeng ot have mcibtutel orngvaiizng centers that are goign to be cnetoms na naimsla are going ot have basal bodies and sothat mena sthath in metaphse theya re going to be reongized into spindle fibers/ in cilis the negativ end is anchored and is going to bind to the basalbody and then the plus is going to grwo out and then the the plus is going to be toward the cilia anf lgaleluym the cilia dn glanneul is going to be the stuff that is going to bind stuff and move stuff oug.

anywho so when the dimer is going to bidn ot the plus cap it is going to bind in the gpt ofmr and when hdyrlzo aand until it hdrylzoyes it isi gogn to realse form the gd until it si fully relased from the poluemr it cannt ofall off frmomerm

whe mtiios shapen it reugl s duirng iemer ther ie onl oen cneotm and mcirubtuel misnu are oging ot

g1 and g2 are the gap an dthe s and m are the acitn pahse beucs uding ht espaseht ehr pcliation hapens and m hte is oging ot be segreiaton. lthyugh indorphemeraon arei hte

they wnat to gnerat e alot o cell they go into s pahe replciatin gn mphas esgeraitn gand then back to s. tse spinsgl are ogig o form rpaidnl during msito sna dismbel fst after.

how do we reuagl the building and siba ely of hte mcibrul laha and beta are fmaily memerb

cneotoems are going is hoign go thodl the mjisnu end so fht emcibt uesl

s is the replcaition and m is oging ot be the wsegeraiotn g1 and g2 are ogin got tbe the gap growht

in orpli svlies the g1 a nd g2 phases areksipe db ufca sjety ewat to genrea l ot of clel sos the s phas ereplcaitn agn m phase sgyenioarn then tbakc to ht pisndle es aroeing ot form rpaidly duroing mistois n admislcnel rfla

agian so the mcirbuesl ar eo ging ot be ncieal sed

so teh mcibteusl are oign to be ncuela dn the mcibtue ongiz sne rin aniamsl it is cneotosm and in cili and galgel it is going ot be basla bodi es

the minsu ends baotunt o it ehte ple ens are gong ot gro owtad the icli o glagell durintg mtiosis we are ogint o have g1 g2 and m the g1 and g2 ar e othe gpa na ds m2 and ma ar eoging ot the be tahs tis is oging ot hbe aht are of rpelic and m is oging o tbe segeiron in dODPrlsi flies they kip the g1 a dg in order ot vet fasr pealcitionf o the cell sa dhtey are going form m to s and back and so the y psindl efibesr spoels need ot be diabel edma dnsspel fast .thr

how do we reulg the budlign and siassemb l y fo te mcibteusl the alpha and beta are fmailei myerbe that hav e40% idnentl aminc and s are car onivnietnioean the alpaha sb e tba a re coiavnied na dhav edineitl amin oa c teh alpha bd bet a afmiesly memtha tha ahv 40 % idnentl maino ancd sar edinocsinve vitlin the alph and hte bet a fmaily membet ht ahav 40% indietla main oa cds an conived eovlitonaly so plan and namsla hv e757% of hte sma enaim alaic a abd b are 4

a and b are 40% the sma en aan[]lmt an snaomsl amin oa ics are 75% simairl both bind gtp gtp in halpis it ofold

GTP in alofh is to help fodl the gtp in lapha is to help fold the gtp in lapha is to help fold the gtp in alfia si tho ehlp fole

the gtp in alph is to help fodl the gtp in alpha is to help fodl the gtp in alph is to help fold the gtp in alpha is tohelp fol ht gt[ in alpha is tohelp fold the gtp in alpha is to help fodl the gtp[ alphs is to help fold the gtp alpha is no the one fodl bet ahydzlies it andwhen the diem i realized gtp and cna

THe gtp in aspui sto help fold

the plus en di sogi go the hte polyemr liera and tie

mcibuel do ahv epoalrity u can gromcitbeul

u ca grow mciutbeusl from the plus or minus end but hte plus fast

teucmitbeiDO have poarlity ciutbeul do ahve poalri the mcibteul do have poalrit teh plus of mind end can gro wbut the plu s en di sfast eh u can grow hte plus and minsu end but the plus is fast the two eds are cnhcemia diifnet ans p they ahve difi conitl ocnitron thsi is a steayd state remient that intemreid ifletn are going ot be euqibril and the mcintuesl are steady statne a

the intemreidl merolf an euqilan disnc ehteuy dont need neryg and the neryg form the mcibtuesl are going ot make it steady state and they saer steayd polarity and have ciutla coneiton the one at hte plus end is going ot be lower and the minsu end is oging ot be higher. tha is why they cdan attack treamdilgin si sposibel but not all udner go reamdilign becaus het minsu ends are cappe dand anchored int eh mcitneiognaion zerne r

OS u cna grtow micbtuesl from the plsu and the mins end but the pus end is faste rand they ahve di focintiel conte theys atera duste they can steramdil but not all are possibel becaus eht misnu ends are capped and andhcior ethe the cjmibtuel rongaizin vcetne rathe cnetosm and the cneitiosme san dhtebaisl bodies int eh fal and there for eno treamiing can hapepn growht and shrink ag cna happenf romthe plus end. Th cc i sa the misn

SO itnemreidl iem are ogin go tbe eui3ql and the omcitbeuls are the stead sytbat they ahve neryg ofmr fhe and hte cirial concneiton of rhte bend sare oigng ot be dififner and they cna t4ehcnial tyer ail but it reare sint eh minus ends are ogivg ot be capped and anchroed a tht emicbtuel rongaiizne cnet ean htis is going to allow it sot trmaemail and hte plsu end is abel to degrad ena dadd so theref rei tnoe

so an in aaxepirem they added monoemr and saw polyemra and then wonc ei treaches the tea dstat there wer nomore monoemr smakign and they wer degradin and the ones that were aleady there started to grwo longer. is o in an epxirme they addedmonoerm andt heys awpoleryam and they saw tha tmicbtuel were beign amd eas it reaches steades tht ehe

it reaches the nuemr foirn is beocm elss and the ones that ar ethere are bcomign long they look and ianial na dsa wthat once it s5te shrinkgin it was cattprha nd onc ei started ot grow long ie tis called rescue. somehtign will cueoaw fn theisnt idpean that is why soem of them are going to be groan dns oem som hsirnkgin this is dynamic isntbalitu . another thisn si that if they are the same htey are capped at hte plus end an cnahcore d. okei agian iwth dyamic isntabiltity is that tsoem are going ot be catosotprand resucue is when theya re saved nad something they dont move menaing they are capped and anchored a thte plus end.

when theplus en di shavin momeor sadde dht rate of hydrlysis is going to cathc up to the gtp cpa and hten it will cause it to curve na dsplay otu disamembel the plus end’s cap is going to be in the gpt and this ia isogin go tkeep in the linea form and tha is going to cmake it gran an dkepe is inthe lcudbigan. and so the erngy of the gtp is goinghdrlisiogng ot keep in inteh stead stat and the gtp cpa is going ot make it lienar ..

whe it llosoes tha tcpa it will g o gdp and oging oto wil cause i tto plyt oua nd ssmeabel

okei we w added monome rand saw polyerni ina dn saw tha tmicbute lbewrebign added na s is treahc stead sth

ait we will se ehte numebr of mcibtues beocm les sand les sand mrein areoing ot beomc long er and this why this is calle dynamicbsibtal lteirn cytles of trowna dnshrk if hte mjibtuesl remin dthe same the end wa shte stuff that is ggoign tomake it stbali and the chap is like s afet and cnoatho to sbtaliz and mianin t stlenght.

that is hwat dunami cisntbaltit doe sit is oign g to rmeiv ethe psoivi ecap an di tis oign gtot cdaus hte gtp to go into gdp and hten it is going to faul the protielfment to beocme scurved.

an expierme that we did i soigng ot be eb1

ebq i soign got bid to a thte smae of hte gtp

EB1 is oging o tbind at hte seam but only the seam if its in the gtp form. E

micubteul asmebling proitne is long to promtei elonaiton

Micbtuel asmebly protien is going ot romteo aelognation

mcibtuel assmebly roiten is going to prmotei elgonaiton Eb1 is going ot bined a the sema but onlin the gtp form so enar the snea rits going ot prenve preamtu castphre optmoer elgona dna sbtal i teh cpa sinc emfeioawnf fro fomr hte cneti the growing ends ar eisbtle to ebe and if hte ends astr to shtin the b1 wll ot be abel to bdin tot eh gpt ubtulin cpa beucae shet mcibtuel wil no ha hte cpa

So MPA mcirbutel asscoiemlyrp eoitn is going ot be the eb1. EB1 deb is oign og tbe a orient of the mciubteul and eb1 is oging ot bidn at hte acap tin teh gtp form eb1 is going to bidn at the cap at the Gtp form at hte cpa and it si going to bidna t hte seam and btaliz the mcibtuel but if the ends start shrking the eb1 will not be abel to fbind to the tubtulign cap

SO eb1 is a mcibtuel asmeb ly rptien tha tis oging ot bind at hte sma enear hte cpa whne it is in the gp form and it is going ot pron elnviaot rpenveti amtuadiam sbel.

eb1 is oging ot be a protien assme ly rpoeitn that is going ot help rpevnet mrematu disbale and as well bidn to the sema of hte polymer and it is goin

EB1 NEEDS GTP TO BIND EB1 NEED GTP TO BIND EB1 NEED GPT TO BIDN EB1 NEED GRO TO BIND

there are other proitne salso going ot proemt ena delgioan the

XMAP 215 and CLASP they are mdoatu rpetien that made of odmain repite ad feinat eo tubl a teh end

EB1 XMAP and C

eb1 CMAP and ClASP . . . .

eb1 cmpa and clasp they are modleu rpetien that ar emad eo frepaedte dmodamand odmain bind to ubulin athe plus end. there ar eother roiten that also goign to sbtaliz he cp ana d

eb1 is oging ot beed gpr at the plus end in orde rot bin to the seam and thene stop hydyrloua nd sbtaloi and prenv epremtu are. ther e arCMPA215 and CLAPS

mcibteul dp

MDP

MAP AND MDP micbutel islaeb. ptoeitn are going ot be PINESIN 12 that are going to bidn to the plsu end and poive beind igiofmiueota

EB1 CLASP and XMAP215

EB1 CLASP and Cmap215

EB1 clap sna xmpa 215

there ar eother protien that are also goign to stbal the cpa an to the pisbei cap

MDP micbtuel disaep rpeitn are goig o be lim PINESIN 13 PIneisne 13

that are going o tcaus ebeidng

XMPA CLA EB1 XMPA clap sna eb1 . on the other hand there ar emcibtuel dislabel ptioen like pinesin 12 an dhteyre oging ot bidn to the promteil the sma e asbtalin gathbe pkue ena dna going ot prioeng

CMPA CLASP ANF

XMAP CLASP AND EB1

EB1 XMPA AND CLAPS

PINESIN is going ot cause

PINE SIN think of juli and that that peorbal deostyed her mcibtuesl cuz she siebal ed them and kille dhtem so that is giong to promteo benin

KIne1 is ogin to be a motor peiton tha tmoves alogn mcitbuesl it siog ioong to

KATNIN is going oininviel seveirn

PINEINS AN DKATININ is going ot sever and semabel the dning

KAIFTNIn is oging o tsever htemidbel and ddetgrads them

EB1 is oging ot bidn at hte cap at the gtp form seam and going ot caue stbalizng and prevemt premature hdrylzing ena promtoe leongiaotn. CLASP and XMAP 215 is going ot promtoe the asmeblyt eh same wy

MDP is going to be pinsine that promtes being and katin that is going ot cut them and causes disakmebloing form oth ends. maps can bind to jmcibtuesl on the sides and ebcaus eo fhtis is tcanbind two at the same time or bidn to intemdaitl eitelmatn. how they were doviered is that heu were prufied with mcibteusl. maps can bind cibtuesl on teh side and because of this it cn bidnt wo at the smae time orbidnt o itnermedi lmten

EB@ 1 casp and cmap and teh disale is going ot be katian and pineisne.

come back ater form ormejintorma io cuz my brain is stumped rn.

mcibtuels are oing to be the straw shaped swtrucutre. they are goign to be mae o feimdll monoemr s are alpha and beta. they can both bdintto gtp alphs is int he grp form alwya sb ebte atncya eil these tienao cmeit ornfa iareoing the mcitbeusls

alpahs s’ar ehte next to aphs but the poitns

if an alphs i snext to a beta it si called a seam. this is simirlar to actin because the free idmer ar eint ehyctoe mroe grpt in the b trubculin

so teh dimer will doem in bdint ot eh plsu ena dhten hdyraol and then utul till detoa cht eooerak theaiowrnf eo di and reacta gtp

these are oign go tbe steady stat emoclesul in which filesmtand flai si going ot peocinot of the sufac eo fa ccel in orde romvo esubtanc en wll ont eh surfcna

so when mtisison hapen s

os bwen ituso shappens wer are oginto disasemle the micrubtuesl

so when mtiuso si hapepnsd we ar eogingo to siaassmebel miutbeuls and rebuold to beocm spidnlepoel stha re aoginto be

so whe mtis hapepns we ar eoign gto disabel mibtuel and ruel to b eocm pisndl e[oel that are igont oeh se do osigneo afrhtoe beot wo cya

mcibteusl are goingo eb ncual and and ahv a mcibteusl ornaignm zcne that is oging otbe cosm that ar eoign ot reonvi duirnt ienremapht eir si one cneotm and cmibtfeusl minsu ends a reoign otheb attach to it and the plus end s ar egoing o tbe outword or ewha teh d

sowhen mtiuo si happen we aer going to dissameblo the mcibtesul and rehitl to beocm spindl poels that ar eoignto be used to segeaito tehchoremso to beocm two duatl

so when jmtuos shappend we aer goint od isiswamebl the cmitbesul and eubutl to cbeomc spidnle tpeosl tha re aogit o used ot seger athe coesmj ot eocme tow dualt clel. cnetosm amreibteusl gona

cmitbnesil areoingo tbe ceual sn

so the b et na dlaph are ofmr th sma efailyt heyar eoginto b e indal an dmpaltns an omala. er7% indielta hwen mcitbeusl aginog be ueal ha hea MOC athsi. goingo tbe coneosmt aht are oign go to duine teat eir sone cneotma dnt em pahs hte is oging ot be two snvoemos an dthe psiel don aoisl ans daifoe wi tsht ah egoing aot and the sneiota but uslalyw hapssi the g ai rehtap and the agrowna and hte s aiw it ehr ei3pa ad mesi. tiewaof hteo so eht ait ivieon batu osl tbhe aoifno eaht is sigongo cua them to asmeb l fa snf ei itnm

cisl and fla aofineo aba s teh smi arfer raiofneo ai toeub aslaboaidn n t eplsua r eoigno g tbe twoar dhte outis d

udimtg eitiwos we ra oging othav eg2 ag2 an dmt hw a ns oairfrn ogt ot eb and thwo and s and m areoing og bt ehte pahses that are going to eb aicnt

hwo do we ruea3l teh buflads i the of htem sbfeio 3abot thign tp gtp and absicalywa tha pen whent ibdin tiw l dhrya and soemthign

mcitbnesul do hav epaolairyt mcitneusl do ahv emairl theya reoginog t os aneu te aform theyal dn tehare aoging o cfan atjerma isl tbut when busal the meinnd soafneo an dnt epslu anre iaog for and hfor shrinkgni

alos the cc are oigng oteb difi fenisnt e pslua nmf eiowntg fowna they areoing o ba e atlowe rnacoen and the miasnuw nds. foing tbe a tnbiger

so when we look aht erat eand the steady state nad eveyrthign

you can grow mciutbesul from teh plus or misnus bend btu teh plsu is faste. hte two ends a rechemical lidi fteo shtey hav eidfifneitoan citiuel aionit thsi si a steayd sreiaont this isge

so the reasong why dunaci sintiatbaitl atn. dhte awpcduni d oign toe opne is beuca soe rhte u

nydorei is tha tis oging ot cath cup tht eplsu end and then what i sgoing ot hapepns ig that is ti soing ot caus theioa dnc atej whe it comes a it sigiontg ruecune adn teh reaihwy is that ht ecap is remov and the cpafi is uallyw aht is going to caus teh

whyd oe sydnat iisntaltibti hapepns it ahpens beuc ia ti soign ot caht cupa nd iwtthi titeh capi t iwll.

NAPs mcitbeusl assmebl preiotn

are ogingt othe obe Eb1 CLAPS and XMAP215

EB1 is going to be the one that s going ot bidn only int he grtp pcform near hte cap and and thsi si going to subtalna pderene prem3aty hdryzoess .

ebq 1i si toing ot eb oen the gbidns ot eh ap teha dn eia the am

tbe ahten calsp and xmap 215 is going ot intait the b dingng

then ther eahte Protine

mcibtuel disamsbe proiten that invoels teh KATANIN si ogig ot cut and hten ut si goig to the aktian is going ot to cut the dmna thing and in the mdidl eand hten it s going ot desiabelelm camp and calsp

[oemsome os

PINESIN13 is a dismabelinv

ki 13 is oigng o tbe amtoor petin that moves alogvn mcitbeusls that is going ot use the gney bemnd

maps can bdint omciteiusl ont he side and when they bdin ot he sid ethey acna ieht ebidn othe rmibteul or ehteya nc intemrida lthat aeorieng o tbe stronger and risi sitna dn the rere mowa it emor esutabel .

maps can bidn ot hte side o the icbes nde hta is hbwo theyc oneco to totehr mcitbuesl

TAu is aoig o gbte at he axon

MPA1 is at hte dointa nd TGay is at hte axon

Ma s2 cna

MAP2

TAu is for the aoxns and map2 is for hte drint heya hv erpeaol bidng irtheya mdoourel apoteins

TUA i lcoalzie do taxons ap 2 is lcaoled to dneities they ahve bidng repa3 tan dmide teata bdi to the side of cimtiebsutls. they have arms

Tau is one o fhte majro protiens

Tau is laocal ed to axons and. map is claoed o teh they rebaing ibdfi modlerual tpe hta bdint o the mcitbeusl teha teh con sonc emicbtiel tehme

TAus i s amarjo rpeitne in alxhierme

Tau isbodunt o teb aon in a highe order asutr and in zlehtie mteu sp afneiona f

ta si sbodi toe bdin the citbewal dna rrac htem in a hgiher oder stuan an in lazheir tau is fpheo na dcan no loge ro bid and teiaron get andl ant hat i swhay ther ei dirustlo nerualfionta. map cans ruealt gpsac ena dare aare difienta maps iwth dh

SO mAP 2 is wider ac eand tau is narrow spac ed

map2 is wider apsanc enat is narrow spac e

TAU s narros TAU is narros tau i narro it os gvong ot ancoatne hax ones orf nalzyene r\

ins etmake little ruodn cell si fi u wexprei map i2 it iwll look lump y and liend netis edna dif us expa taus it iwll look lie aoxns and it willo be abelt o arnaighte hgiehr oar dnar fnt ie siogng ot. be

thes emap2 ar exepessed in dneisr and if u ad ot a a cell

the roel of itner dmis is o

durtg leick a

coclhin a dcolcemid . colchicine and colemid choclehcin andcholcemid are \\

so mcitbeusla re weka nad intemredial fiemst

that are abel to withisna stress can he;p the octbeisl beocm stronger. durg lie coclina nd colemdi are abel to bdint o tuebulin dimer andp even them foram ssemblign icutbeule polymer

mcibutesl are weak anditemra ar e

minteil are weka nditenr a

colchina ndc oclemid are able to bind ot hteiblin dimer and pren tefmroa the pisbl so at lower ocnetnio

COlchine and colcemid are ablet o fbind to the tublig dimer and prenv tthem ofrm assmeblign mictuel polyerm at lowe ronceitonsi. goign t

cickeuba ad cikcenud are giubg it vubd it eg

tubulin dimer and oevne them for asmciutbel so at

COCLehin aocme adubgtt tha eiroat ot uebul anf petne sienhteo oly so a teowner hteya reoign ot cell inapt ans top thespind fier sofmr ofirnt thsi si going ot stcount chooesm

coclehin is a dru thta tis oging o pfent easmebl of teh

slowe itsigogtio the cel ineptha bause it igoing sping fibers form forign, ti si s good to countchoems and see hwo amt her ear ego tsee

so at elowe vionet im goingv ot stop the formign ocdlig is going ot stop the ssemamebl and otaxo sig oign ot sotp the disiabelty

so coclin is goingv ot stop the asmebl so at low coneiton s going ot blco cells inmetpahse beacuwe i stop te psindl foebrs fprom forint htsi s is gogo to count hcnoma dns ee how manyt her are of ri ther eanyre msising

so we colding to prenve tsebl ptoe vi tpe rnveio asmpcoeltne or eoveio

coclcihmi to prenve askmeble a

fhnewoaijcfioto epven te

colchelcingt to prevne tassmebly colcchinto prevent assmebly. taxol that is breast cancer drug thati s going ot stbalize

colcehmidid soign to stop teh assmebly

coclhin is goig o stop the asembly so t lwo conetio it soigvn to blco clel in metpahs ethe u sit otio stpsidl foemr ofrmoanigne. this is good to aoucdncheosm and seehow manyt ehre are or if there any msising to see idase o chanc it go u can only see M phas ethe chors , it in ogut is is t

colchcin is goint otbe

cochin is oign ot asmebly coclhi id soint hte pr epte abel oroeer and oits

hCOSlis a dru druy opt etaxosl sig oit pevne sisibealtop stop it. gout is goint o eb cured beyca ewe usel owconteionof the dru it stop teh clel frmo migrnaito and reuc teh sienofr

another taxi taht is a break cancner dryg atis going o stbalzi eitbea m phase os that

antoerh is taxol tat is breast cancner thdrug hta is goint osstbalzi mcibutesl at ase that they arent abelt os ibela m

maps areugla tbye aotieoa so when u psoteylatethis happens throuh cucli CDK

so CDK’s are goign ot turn on ptoien in ealry Mphase htey unr p\

CDK’s are oign tohsote and utnr o preoitn in m ph tehy ornt on preiutb ate ar eaoign ogbudls mcibteisl and in my hteai itoena foehta tpenaif

sp tje pcloi

COlcemid is ogint o be balt oe t bidn to tueblin dimer apre vne tem froma seb lgon at low ocnetion is goingt obclo cel in metpahse bcfaus ie sopt eh spinfle ifer sform form thsi goiood to ocutn choesm and see how manyt ehra re if thera are anymisisng.

so we breil y intro these are scoemt spinel poesl and basle basel

mcibtesul ronagin cneter aconetos psinel abo afe

cmitbesul orngai cnet ethe cneot ospien poels na dbcals bodis e

tehn cneot psibnepoel na dbals b odie s

teh coneto psin poels na dbasl bodies so cnoen psin poesl na dcbals

OC so mcitbgeul ornag i cnet ear eaoign ot be conetomd pinep pla dn absl acboies so midbteusl ornagi cnet aor eo aignot eb cneots pibel polesba caks bcoeis and onte hr ain ine int eirn is the incnoet boy the nce to he ci si the ncueslno tin teh chteo are isit em

cneotsoms e, spine ppeosla md abd b asl ocbeosi

the

so we bifel ointro these a conetosm psoibel opoel ba caobeso otne neain ones in inte ria is the conetos body

mcina ofne in tien rpeah si the cesneo ms

miano on in iner ois hte ocnmesobdoy ei s

CNoe tin teinrem sm pha is the psibe [oesl the midn endsa of the ciens are goint othe msin aroeing ona o the hteyr eancpa na dcho redna hte pl

so in

we hav ebasl body that teh mcitbesl are hte bas oe the fili aof rl the misni re same thing iwth teh e

a the abs ea teh abse

o fhe aoxn there are also thisng

itner ei ialfena. rhea the aoxns

so what hapep so is that hte chorsm ar eoignt o hav e

the two psin le poels ar eoing ot reach oaut ad gra b ont ot hecfhoesm and wera lso going othav esome reagco goit othe dve o the clel s

hte whwo etpeins goles ar eiogn to grahc out and brao ont eh someo wan dwe also going ot have osme reacing out to the dge o the clel the psin

two psiba reo ign and laos ignoe so reio athe oc ewhat osing og hapens

so the wtow psines la roeing ot orna ocna goeina othne choesm son and we rals ogoing othav eosm reuahciagn to eh

what goigo t happen the cneotnr si goint ot ehpeia udrinteh cyel and thew oicpes that bceom the spoine poesl the psineslo and hte ocn tehyre the sma ete

what i soign othape thne ocne iso gion the na ute int eusop that te

spine poel nad ocmeo theyre hte sma etint eh cine tfneirfo a

int ient eirao the icna rerahciong oint in all din inerherao r

in inte rpaha ht emjibtesul are erachign out in all dioren inat perha the ciotsne t

wel theryoing

the trupels ts raoeing ot ohave ning este and os fht eirplets in a cutlein fashio we ahve a seiro eso preiotna that alc tliesthat atea cothea ctuejo tirp eat aoitn gien a 3d slcuiti the set of nin tripe slis also seen inabscla body teh acbals bodyw a hve in cicli so hte bals body contain teshe snineptirla the aoxni

so there a renin set

there are nin set so fhte irplest heheh nint seit o fhte itrpels and htey reoaing otha veproients taht aare oign oat aoc and alsbel them into absl bodie s

yw8q9ueiw

eyrfeaitfheoi3ajfeoiwaj3

so the basl bodies a reoingot be made out of nien tirple and anxone is going otbe trh estir that sitks otu ot h ti and it siog got be doubelst

the elcotnr mcirhap revelr a basl body lcaoteidn itne hcytsplasm. the basl body si going ot ocntia nt he nin emcutbesl trapeitenidnf orm therbals abody si the aonx

aei4tneim ofr the basl body is the anoem

the mcibteus douelf oe tare alogn aeixoa of hte A and B form the basl b eht ec tuebreuslt eirna at eht ebasl bdoy r3e2whrfu23ut0fny378rf80q5yre8723d750j[yqd578

we have oudblest inse ta dio fritrp becas ehtye ar emoto rpteion i red atahfc to one doubel theyr idbgtel yattac thte doubeslot aned hten thes eltitle ptiens atnea s

anoemal citbueso from odubelt so taht dyenim mtoor anchord otone odubelt cna wlka alogn ajdeac tmeibsioncit e mto raicit yint oforcme\\d0 tye d08belsr ar eoign ot be ahve the mjoto rperoisn attahc to thems, and thehav edynein arms thatatpomg tp atneighrnoetmeitel and

aicnt ialaen afielamt ea rfreeo tmov eothen the ifelm tiwl lmov epatoir aoe ait ue ifemt we renial doen acint and the myso omto crs coudl mvo ehten the mfooe uowld

them the mysoin c

acint anf tuelmet a reiogot meo vhet ehnifeos

[art p ht eo,m wer eogpmg pt,a,ake te acitn cytsoka dnt eh motor that mov eon them are oging ot move downt her adowya and ther gogint oo be bound to viewls that hteyr oging ot dlvei ewhavihte the viel snened ot og in oother cas eipainte in mtis

mtoor ptien ar eoign ot be abelt o walk along ajdact micbtuesl ocniteno gmoto rint to form simarl to anchroe myso iacnt on aicnt ifelmtsn\

mtoer potines eighet genre their itnro ao reiflestn movmetne dpenogno whea tehreyr anochro inc l dynte maot eranchroed o

So the bdoy in hte cnet o fhte clel of tehicnoe st

the bdoi itn eh ceonto efht elcl is the cnoetosm sormehtig o itro theycneot are one of hte lasut eind iet tey areoing ot nvualt ehte fmroiato f othe interpahse and the misn ednsare aogig o tbe capped na dnachore dint he cnoetosm

Centosomes are going to have 9 mcirubtuel tripelst arrand peripeinall to teachother.

so the ocneos tis ont othe leas tudnetian ainhti si the cnet of the bdoya dni t is oging ot be be what is going ot ake the psinel peosl.

its ruep te cneosm are susroing by parnaiceontomatierla f

so we have two cintols that hav ehtei snin tripels

so wfrom waht i cine st

so teh two cinetoisl that

so sconetosome s areoing ot have two cnetioisl that are going o tbe doubelst nin

socneosm

thectwo cnetil a reoign to foru parpalel [erianiel sutrucnte,

ther us. athrud utbulin fmail tha tis gamam tubulin and the animol that

they lcoala teot eh dnoesiomes. so in redh the cmitub esul is exint ogin wherease gamma sutbling odingin teh cme

gamam tubulin is oign a tthe cneotosme.

so teh gamam tubulign ring comepla nd cneotsomes funcitonlcoateid int ehapranvioet

mictbuesl orngizn in center thera are idffenre ocupes tesp of cmietbeusl oninz cnters.

mcitbeusl ongiaon cnet er there ar3e dif rocupel types of mciteusl ognizn cnet erhte is a cntermso

cneostm ar eogniz ng cnet and ocnsit of two par coitroles

‘

co esotmes are oginaizni gcne tan dnocisn to f twp oart icniesl that ar eblakc odts and pacnioers matier is itiotha is the

her iw swhte ocintioesl so agina they mad uep tirples of mcibteus nin ripesl inc ldugin shap etwo pcientio rifena thnic omepx am gabutl is ingivl eincuatlionf the mcitbesuls

so gama compelx is inviekls int ehcaitomf omibteisl tis is. analgous to thar p2-3 compexl ina cint sasmseblty we hav ea ocmpex. opitoens tha tinvcludes gma gubtul in

thsi sinaatgous ot he arp2-3 compekx in acinti almsbely wha ve ancome th the arp 2-3 is ogig o tmake macint iflemsnt ate gma compelx gma tury i soing otmake the micb utesl if u asmsebly cmitbeskl in vitro in a tes tusing using tubulin they amsmseb ly and osme of htos emcitbesul will ahve 123 ptoiesls

so the gamam tubulign rin oxmeplis is aorit of hte parcnetiol amteiral . it ncuela micbutesl cpa ths minus end san crose

th mtoer is igogn to aciti athe

aidont strucut erha tein

you want o av eon acinte vonet oeim sinteir

cnetosm e nuerm ig utighlt ocntoiesl i

so mcirbutesl ornginaz zcerne ar ehte basal bdoies cneitor and the spindle

driing the cyell cytle the cneotmse is

during eh ceyll cytel the contoesm is dupetla dn the two pwoels during eh clel cytle the cneotmes is duplcai tedn ahd the two psines are omed , tehy mgriatio teo osppsid eosid oe fhet cll . in itnerphas ethe mcirbuesl raite outn in ll dionte but in myps ehtey driaone btu teh grpab ont eh shoem so ceotneos and psienled poalre arel all teh sma eting

sto stand irn mciotnes. roeing o to have 13

so standar mictbuesl are going ot hav 13 proiteslmetn. the ovnaion cnet oean ar egoing ot hav emicbutesl

the ovniaont vne tsemneiang the basel bodies, the neotmseo are goving to eithe from in doubelts or tripesl. the doubel is going othav ea and b and has 13 and 10

so a has 13 an db has 10 and triples i sogin go t oab. ab c and aso has 10 tirpels re ogngo tbe made out

the basle bodies ar eoignog be mad eout eo fbasial body triplets.

so teh basal bodi soign ogt nin sets o fht ripelt and htera eroing ot be proiten that are going ot arrang ehtem in shtei shape so teh agian teh basla bodies r eoign ot be mad eut o f tripeislthe a is 13 b is 10 and

so they arent he smae as altha

So the a secitoem isoging o tbe 13 n db is toing ot be 10. the tripelts are going to be moud o fhe bas ebodies

ugh idl st knwo that ther eis three se the bas bodu is ogin go have noi set of hte tripesl and there ar eiogng o tprotien tha tar eoig gto arrang etem

so there ar eorotien that ar eogin to arrang enin dset o fotirpels fo rhte basal ebody and ptu tehm in a cylin aofrm. .

so onc etei bwal body o tirplets nin tripel is mad e astructre calle daxonoem is going ot be made that stikc sout theyar e oging ot be nin torubled. the aciem si going ot be a paro ito iniel int eh cnetes. theyar e ogngot palya. stuructle urel the plsuend i sgiog ot oward the a tthe endo f the flalguem

so teh axoneme is going ot be nin todubels the anciem is going ot be nin odubel paris and thi si going ot sitkc oig ot the basla body

teh athe aocn eis oging ot

the plsu ends aroein go teb at hte itp eo felaiem a

theia sn iotgn ot eha vieo ins teao dturplet beuca theyar e going ot have motr prieons attached ot it .

SYndin

dueninare going otbe the moteors that attach to one mtribcutel doubelt,

okie so basialy the basal body is goinvg ot be made out eo f nin tripetls and hten teh mcirubtuel is going ot be

okei so the alah and beta a nd Charlie .

so absiao the absla body is goin obte mad eut o fhe stirples nin set of triplest and hten what happensi that hteya re oging ot oarrange in a cyclidnrail pattern in which they are goign to be in a cylinder and then what happens is that they are goign to cyclindeize/ and then what hapepns is that he axnome ie soign go grwo outo fht it and this si nin se of odubrel and hte plus endsar eoign go be at the cilia.

anyoen the mtoor oopreoitna ar eoingo g walk alonag the

motro trporina ar eiogn to walking along thsi ting - so what hapepns is that

iclaia dn falen ana motor protiens.

so tehr ei sgoing tbe beta bula ena alpha tubeul

the nexin liner is going ot hold the doblte togeht erin the anxoem

ther ei s alinker nexin link tha ti oigno t ohodl two adjacne tdoubetls teoghter. so teh mtoeo rbeign is oging o tbe boudn t one omicurel and the other one. they attahc spiecl al ot he a tubeul

so teh audoar e ar eotneo teoar attahc and the etey emar leike rgorint rso th othe rodubels

o theyar e ogingo tbe attacked ot he a tutuel of one doubelt and hten its arms are ogint o attack to the other doubelt next to it. beuca ste toengi anchred ot one odubel its walkign mtoino gerenat forc ena dpeoiveio movment bweten the mcitbeusl s.

so tht emotoe rporeint si going ot be stuck betwenen lie mo whe ht msyto walk ogn aifl ei fi tlwka it laks so fbtue ist st it ipll the acint movmes lso

the amtoe rpeion in teh cmitbesu doubeslt ar eoign ogt be studck s oteh mtor otries to walk and the fielmt mvo esintsea. so tehcueota meoa e a reindle tatao coten oando if ntothosm teh odubela re ogingo tsptop sldi epathw achtoer al therea a re ar eaoiter of pteioan aof lteh emcibteusl teigotn ehar a rieongo the linkcer nexin linkers that ar eoign to lock botht eh mcibtuesl odubtles tohet eaos htey wont sliep dpas eahco theye arjust kina lik emake a wahe na dflow bakc anf orht. this is ow ilfi anf efiela wiggle.

socbea owhat hapep si shta tht estpu das cna twmco ethen o beua he filci hav e aliner kerptien kdina liek ine tbwe the odubelk of the mcitbeula fo anxnoem ethen wha thapepns i that the moro tpeorinis ogngo to tr twlak but hwa thappens beuca is tssutkc hte ere is giogo tb elile alfow liek a theare going ot genreate a force. hteya re ogint o gtente are a forc ewhe the cilai siog igont awlka

but the iclsi soging o tflwo. if the linek preoint was remog eby rpetoesa hte athe dins owild be abelt ot lsid epas one anoehr so ther is a mtjoro trproitne caled syndoan in whic si gongo twlak alton ghe toudblets.

now cnoetsom lets atabla tbtoeu tshoe cnitels ar eoign hato avhe cneitosil remoatbe abasl bsodi sha canoxne and cneotsoe a reoign to have bcoesm tha ta reoign ti be a pari of nin par os ofuebtsl the coitesl adn anoxem are ogin otbe simairel

so teh cneotsme ar eogin to have coiensl. and theya re ogingo tbe

conesom are oging o tha vencoisle inisd e

the csoitl ar eoign be surroudn by the pecnetroil amteira that is ogin to

So a cneotsm the whoe cirle insi die toingo tbe the ceiorna dht eparencioetil matiers

so cnetrorso ar eogin o tbe basially the entier parne ieta dnc eintoesrl in teh midle and hte neitosla re oging o eb ht \

cneotsom ar eongvaizn cne tena ocnsiot of two part cnieotsil so teh ocmeso iw ogint oeb apreinvietna dcoietl and the cnioesl ar eoigno gbe made out o doublest

doubetsl here are the coinetsl so again tehyamd eup of otirbles o mcitbegusl , nintripels cuculdin ahsp atow ocineotesl ter aroein

cmetps; pameop amc etam dcso tp tw[ part cmeopts; tha ta rena;cl pda md [tpem cate ap so grau xiistt t

tetheoa aporeop tne the coeitns

the centroils of are tripelts -

the coietsl

jkdjfoewaoifrejowiafie

cneosm res

coenso s

cneosm are gonzing cnetne r

coenso are oginaon cnetie rha t areoing ot be ot cnoesm a reognv ot be the ceiroa dnt earcneitlmatei r hte cneitol a reoiagn otbe tripesl the cbaso oeiora naoxem is oginog bte the stupid doubelst

the cnetoisl are going otbe

coemson

the ceotisla re oginto tbe perocneitla to eac other thi comepx gama tubtuling ring om fepl i sinviel in cnationf hte mcitesul this compelx gamma tubuling irntg i cpmpelx is invoeld inncuaot of hte mcitbeusls. nitnriturpse in cludign shape two cieotsn perpeneidl to eahc tier thic pexp gma tubtuling rin comepxl is invitle dincueatlt io mcituesl this

post synptic and presyteoijn

geneit studies idinet a nedw tubtuloign

so tehr ei sgoing tot eb anaoteh exmpal thea tis goingt o bte inviels inutaltiof o temicbtuesl ths antalotu so the

thsi si natlaotu to the arp2-3 comepsle xin acint assmedbly weh av eomxpe or prito tha tincldue gammae

the compex amm agbnut ins i ginciel incueltaio otehcmietsbuesl this natla ot teo tharp2-3 comepx in aitn asmebly. we ahv ea xmoe ofprito tha tincluds egamm tubuglin , whic si anothe tutbkign fmailye memr it looke verye muclilapah and ebta

anotehrieng ign

So gamma tubuling is

so gamma tubuling is going to be a nothe rutuling i s not part o fhte mitbeul wall it si going in ernfuet

gama btutlein si antoehr utbligm elme ant ie and i sogle in thi fexm

gama gutbutlig a fmeiaye membet gam atutulgi anotehr ytep fo tuebutlign thsi foud only int eh centosmes if addign lignint antoei ot eht agm u dont for mcubteusl entw s and thsi si becaus gmam gutbulins ar to fha the cahnc tatp s and chorns he misn end s and it si tpart o foa tleafivoeiawfi o

gammga

gamma utblgin si anotehr tyep of tuebtulign

gma gutblign

is going ot be

gama g tubging -

gama tubgling

tamam tubgtkoin ia s

cnetoems if adding bclokging antibdoy to the gammja tubglig u dont ofrm ictbeusl networks - gamam tubgling is part

gamma tubling -

gamma tubulin -

gam atubtulins i going ot be a fmaily memkebr of hte

vgam ia utbuel sis goint o tbe in the reprna dn aprt o foa coepx hta i sogin ot cnhroe the cneitols to ethe cheosmos. .

its anchorn the ne wmicnutesl

so the cneotisl ar eoign to be insid eht echneos adnt eydont o and hte gam atuuling iaprt oa o a cmpelx ht ai gont o macor new mciteuslt ot eh cneosm gamm atubtulin is part oa large compexl that is gamma utrc gamma is a fmaiy member oth alpah and teha tithe itna i soig o o

the xopels is 13 gamma tubtulgsin

the gama tubtulign is going tha ve hav e13g amam gutbtuelsin

gama turic is in the PCM

so teh gam atu ci tne PC si going ot intiatnuetlation

so teh gma is going ot be enar hte sunf eiotna its ignote micbtesc pa the msins ne dna canohroe the toe hts oemt theya renot o eixnot o the ienreisin teh comesons

the paracneoitl amteiral is going ot surroung hte ociena nd conthte gamma cmpelx. so the citbeus aroing ot raiio outward ofmr thr PCM fromg int he netio

the gam rinv omfpexl turn i going tobe enar hte PCM surring hte cneitos it s going ot ncle th mcitbes cap te msina nd hora ht emcitues tot enoc so teh thai s what hte y gamma camplex is ogin go to do now the cmitesul are oignog roea for the coe ane two the two coines are not idnetlay one is going otbe. amotehra nd the oeht ei soingo be he duahge an mtoe rsi ogn oghav an exap appdnet tha cna orniogvna het parn emat and itent u

the two cnetiosl areno idnietla we fefte to one a shte moten and the oteha s hte duatght athe tmeor i tmoer amtuer htan the duath it ax

the motehr can ogni zhte par ena the presnle aiciteh egma tubtklgin co eand mteia te citeioa

aidont sutrucuter

u want ot hav ena xiite cneotrm ininrefa g1s,ad g2 whr e

so wher eu have tow acditi ve sindepesl and so the nuerm bf oieni etsi erpeulet ocnotrlled na its ocnietl in a cellcyel reuat eway to logne o ta

cfneosmt nuemr i s tiyghlty ontorlled - cneotsm nuerme is tightly contorl in iner. tha is one acitn neosm s in mtis. dupalc enoc giv e2 acit sient peosl

beig a ful funiotn amte ur eus take logn ethna. singl clel cyelt

u wnat ot hav eon acitinv eosmoen in interpahse wher eu hav e achoem, but if u want to acint oen in mtuations wher eu want to

it takes lgoner htan a full ycle to buidla cnotesm toake it fultey

so we a re stoit oin g1 witha. pari of ocientsl int he lecut er the i s green fo hte uciaot mat eru

g1 we art oing oit eh g1 ihta. pair of coneisl

itn eh ecut ehte irs greenf rotehficniota maot motehe teituand i

so we strat out with g1 with. apri o toiesl, the mother is in greenahd tell is the duaher.

we tra to ff iwtha. pariof coneotsm ethe mater and aitem are int ehg1 phase. in the g 1 pahs e we ahve btoteh motehra nd diather. we go gitnto Spahse and repalcit e our dn a so that we o itn os pahs ena drelciat eour dna na reput he conteos so that when weh

As we go int othe s pahs en apeciat eour dn aw dueplte hte coheos m so tha twhen we get into m

so int ehge g1 pahs e we areoing ot have one matuer amte and duaghte imatue

We str ao fow ietha p aro oc ocno

as we go into S pahs ehtey are goint o replcate so teh mothe cnoeitl makes. a mmar eand the diateh cneotil make and immatuer.

tehn as we go toint omtio s theyar e goint to beocm esemi mateure

SO the duahtet mateura dn tehn uts int eh M pahs ena dhte new one beocm the sme

ad tht etop oen teh matuer amot ere maek a n immatuer and tehn at the M it oems a semi matuer duather

so we stra of with the mtoehr is abelt o acitiv ehte g gama compexl in teh arpcneitoal inord eotheonatulac anchroe the ncieow to the parnaoietel of hte centoeos .

experime tpeop ahve a clel and cut in half oa secoint whentehy cut hte sione co

epxiem peope hav e acell and cut in falh ct a sieonc

SO they did an expeirem wher epoepk ahv ea cell adn cut iti aseciotn off whent ehyv t ehtiocn off the cel frman reange htems eo o sth all tehmin

repxiemr peroep are

expriemet peope hav e a cell and cut inhalf cut a seciote off. whe the ctu the seicon of the cell granet rearrenged themvesl so

poepe hav e acella dncu thte hal fo and then they foe teh semte aleaivn the cneotesom otu . so that all tehisne nds and the clel rma is ogng ot eoaigne the se tle ot eh that he misnue nd soarne got eh ptieonginwarsd

we have on acitn vneotems in interpahe and tow acitv episne poesl in mtisois

we have. anex ler we hav e plsit box/squre test tube with bugger and we sicted out a cnotrm form the cel and put in conre do the box an dporpe added utbtulin anuclstion and theys stateasemblgn form cneotsm

So the conetosm wer rmeoved om rh ecell, and palced in a borne and theya dded utebutalign ancuetsiod eove itmt eh cneotsm ofr the othte ocn toe

thre is a psoitbeiltyt the athe akcmue oarthe aiocn i ositn teh teifoe athe aolie and naotehr aoint eaht we ivnoe aifeon wehr ew emad eht emirbe aif eiwa fwiond temcite ajtieo atneaio feioa oe wafoe waiofwo

cmitbeusl ha e alitmei dlenththa cna gor wnoeugthos pan a cytep cal lint eanfo e

mcitbul sket pi soign id aicnt an sa mapt ht edinsi aren ar eint eh nce ta plsu en dar e the siend ant ehatl ethe clejw ehr ehe an na thene hwen aivsl amd eo thso thing . co oth teh oglit he reolainte orain he ao iso for aoteo ao teh et sioreiowrjeoifjoe

types typs o fmotro kineisns that are plus and eino mtoro at

tyewp tyeso fo kemor kesiniens

twp toes o fmotor ksines tha re aplsu end ireiocn tmro atha tmo towa dht eplsue dns afo tmeicbutna anotehf fmailyte mtoro are called

two type of motr kines stha tare plsu end direc tmorto rhta tmov e towar shte plsue nds of htemcirbesu and theantoefmnna fifmil s calle dhte ysoin that ar egont omvoe wta the minsue dns. if u need to moe fromt he

two tyeps of motr kiene tha

plus end directe dmorot e- move twao hre lsue ends kineisne is ksineis a riengo to waom rh tepsue o fmribcutles

keisn ar eoaign to eo be plsu end dire cmtor that moav twaod shte plsu end so the mcitbesul and tneoa the is ogin to be calle dthe dyeinfin tah ar eoign ogtmoe otowa rht emisnue ends i fwu want to eomfr o the cneto ht eou if u want to mvoe towad the enery i aatttac hduenisn.

roetiebf iebfau ryfi mto roptiow we taka. ecels and use apt the the ap and u ahv etrtenotton

myosina nd kensi n heads are strucutrealy realted - . thsi isbecaus ehtey ahve alpha ehlices, the betal pleaded stehad ne nietlides, but htave have few amini acids in comemone os they think thrye not a fmaily memerb. we are gong to have the lever arm in the myosins and were goint o have. aneck reiognin the kinesins and well see what thats doing ina. min .

So the structure of the aaa atpase - it is hexameric, disk shpaed and each subunit contains aaa+domain. sometimes all six family members are contained in a single polypeptide coded for by a single gene. u might have six different genes on that codes for one domain and hta codes for anotehr odmain. \