Indonesian-English Linking Words
Commonly Used Linking Words
Time & Sequence
- biasanya: usually; normally
- kadang-kadang: sometimes; occasionally
- sering: often; frequently
- seringkali; sering: often; oftentimes
- setelah; sesudah: after
- sebelum: before
- sebelumnya: previously; before that
- dulu: in the past; first; for the time being
- sementara: meanwhile
- nanti: later on; soon; later
- lalu: then
- pertama-tama: first of all; firstly; to begin with
- sesudah itu; setelah itu: after that
- sambil: while
- sementara itu: meanwhile; at that moment; at that time
Agreement & Addition
- juga: also; as well; too
- dan: and
- selain itu: apart from that; other than that
Contrast & Concession
- meskipun; walaupun: although; even though
- walaupun demikian: nonetheless; in spite of that
- sedangkan: whereas; while
- tetapi; tapi: but
- di satu pihak: on the one hand; on one hand
- di pihak lainnya; sebaliknya; di pihak lain: on the other hand
Cause & Effect / Inference
- oleh karena itu: because of that
- jadi: so; therefore
- dengan demikian: thus; if that's the case
Condition
- kalau: if; when; if when
- jika: if
Emphasis & Specificity
- sebenarnya: actually
- tentu; tentu saja: of course
- bahkan: even
- pada saat ini: at the moment; at this moment; at this time; as of now
- dewasa ini: nowadays; these days
- pada umumnya: in general, generally
Approximation
- kira-kira: about; approximately; around
- kurang lebih: more or less
- kebanyakan: most; majority
Other
- semoga: hopefully
- ngomong-ngomong: by the way
- selalu: always
- dengan: with
- akhirnya: finally