Language

Increase in voice recognition ability → is the auditory cortex tuning?

Musicians → split hescl’s gyrus → more surface area

• Low frequency always in the middle (whether the map is split or not)

Development - tuning shifting to lower frequencies

Broca’s Area

• Only 50% of patients had speech production difficulty

• Receptorarchitectonic mapping

  • Label AMPA and GABA receptors - look at distribution of receptors across layers

    • Broca’s Area actually has 6 areas (cryoarchitecture)

Wernicke’s Aphasia

• Difficulty with language comprehension

• Can recover if damage was only in cortex, not the white matter axons (could remap projections to recover langauge comprehension abilities?), ex the Arcuate Fasciculus

• Conduction Aphasia

• Kanzi - proto-syntax, can use words unprompted (not Pavlovian conditioning), shows semantic generalization (similar objects)