biology

There are three steps in the cell theory and they included all living things are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from preexisting cells.

unicellular are one cell organisms where as multicellular are many cells

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, they include binary fission, they are unicellular, and they have cells walls made up of peptidoglycan.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, they have membrane bound organelles, they have mitosis division, they are unicellular and multicellular, and only fungi and plants have cell walls made up of chitin or cellulose.

All cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material.

organelles-

organelles are found in both plant and animal cells. organelles specialized structures within cells that work together to help the cell function. organelles main purpose is to produce proteins.

cell (plasma) membrane -

Cell (Plasma) membrane are found in all plant, animal, and bacteria cells. cell (plasma) membrane

structure surrounds the outside of all cells and is made up of two layers including phospholipid and bilayer. cell (plasma) membrane job is to control what goes in and out of the cells. The phospholipid bilayer contains fats which has phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails has proteins imbedded, and is cells fluid mosaic model because it is composed of many parts that move around freely.

cytoskeleton -

Cytoskeleton has a structure that has a network of threads like fibers and is made up of proteins. cytoskeleton job is to give the cell shape and move organelles around. cytoskeleton job is to also provide structural support for animal cells who do not have a cell wall.

cytoplasm -

cytoplasm can be found in animal, plant, and bacteria cells. cytoplasm structure is a jelly like substance and is mainly made up of water. cytoplasm job is to hold everything in place and provide a solution for chemical reactions to take place in.

Nucleus -

Nucleus are found in plant and animal cells. Nucleus structure contains genetic materials and their job is to protect the dna that controls the activities of the cell.

Nucleolus

nucleolus are found in both plant and animal cells. Nucleolus structure is inside of the nucleus and their job is to make RNA which makes up ribosomes.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes can be found in plant, animal, and bacteria cells. Ribosomes structure is made up of proteins and RNA and is located on the rough ER and floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes job is to make proteins in a process called translation.

Rough ER

Rough ER can be found in plant and animal cells. Rough ER structure has ribosomes on surface and hugs the nucleus. Rough ER job is to make proteins.

Smooth ER

Smooth Er can be found in plant and animal cells. Smooth ER structure has no ribosomes on the surface and is attached to the rough ER. Smooth ER job is to make lipids, destroy toxins, and regulate calcium.

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus is found in only animal cells. Golgi Apparatus structure contains enzymes. Golgi Apparatus job is to breakdown dead things and can do programmed cell death.

Lysosomes

Lysosomes can be found in only animal cells. Lysosomes structure contains enzymes and their job to to breakdown dead things and can do programmed cell death.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles can be found in both plant and animal cells. Vacuoles structure is small and numerous in animal cells compared to one large central one in plant cells. Vacuoles job is to store things.

Centrioles/Centrosomes

Centrioles/centrosomes can be found only in animal cells and their structure is made up of microtubes. Centrioles/Centrosomes job is to appear during cell division and help the cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart.

Cilia and flagella

Cilia and flagella are found in animal and bacteria cells. Cilia structure is shorter and more numerous where as flagella are larger and fewer. Cilia job is to move fluid across the surface where as flagella moves the entire cell.

mitochondria

mitochondria can be found in animal and plant cells. mitochondria structure is split up into two parts called the inner membrane and matrix. mitochondria job is to have a place where cellular respiration happens, brakes down food, and is the powerhouse for the cell.

Chloroplast

Chloroplast is found in plant cells and their structure is two parts, the grana and stroma. Chloroplast job is to have a place where photosynthesis happens and convert energy from the sun into energy in sugar.

Cell wall

Cell wall are found in only plant cells. Cell wall structure is made up of cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan. Cell wall job is to protect and maintain the cells shape.

Central vacuole

Central vacuole is found in plant cells. Central vacuole structure is one massive central structure that is a storage center.