Resouces & Consumption

Vehicle Fuel Deficiency 20 Model Year

• 2021 Tesla Model 3 - 24kwh/100 miles

• Current Manitoba hydro price - 90 cents/100km

Carrying Capacity

• Brown - 1954/35 Billion (90 Billion)

  • Challenge of Man’s Future

• Clark - 1956/12 Billion

  • Economics of Undevelopment

• Revelle - 1976/40 Billion

  • Scientific American

    • Feed; Whole output is JUST food

• Gilliand - 1983/7.5 Billion

  • Population & Development Review

Resources

• Anything that we used in, or obtained from, the environment to meet a human need

Types of Resources

• Perpetual - Sun

  • cannot be exhausted, regardless of their rate of use

• Renewable - Depleted in short run but will renew self if not damaged

  • Ex: fish, trees

• Non-renewable - fixed amount

  • Ex: Crude oil in planet Earth, but another exception is Aluminum where there is a fixed amount but it can be recycled

Use of Resources

• Use of resources has accelerated in the MDC’s

• As “quality of life” increases so does resource use

• MDC’s - 15% of population, use 70% of world’s energy & minerals

• USA - 4.8% of population, 22% of world GDP, 33% of ALL energy, 30% of all pollution releases

  • Ex: An object was made elsewhere (pollution is counted in that place) but not when it’s sold in America

• India - 18% of population, 5% of energy

• Canada - 0.5% of population, 4% of energy

  • Due to large land mass, transportation requires a lot of energy

Energy

• If a force, F, is applied to an object of mass, m, the object will be observed to undergo acceleration, a

  • F = ma

  • Base unit is kg m/sec² called a newton N

• Energy is the product of a force, F, operating through a distance, d

• A newton over a m is the base unit of energy - called joules J

Units of Energy

• 1 joule - 10^7 dyne-cm - physics

  • = 0.239 calories - chemistry

  • = 2.39 × 10^-4 calories (kilocals) - nutrition

  • = 9.48 × 10^-4 BTUs - energy

  • = 2.78 × 10^-7 kilowatt-hours - E-Engineering

  • = 9.48 × 10^-19 quads - economics

  • = 10^-18 exajoules - economics

    • 1 quad = 10^15 BTUs

    

Energy Use Per Person

• Canada 239 000 Kcal/person/day

• Northern Europe 125 000 Kcal/person/day

  • Finland, Norway, Sweden

  • India 11 000 Kcal/person/day

    

    • Comes from 3 main sources; needs to be carbon-neutral by 2050

      

Fossil Fuel Supplies - 2016

• Conventional Oil

  • BoO - Barrels of Oil

• Proven Reserves - 1.6 × 10^12 BoO

  • Ex: Company drills out layers of Earth; oil is found

• UnProven Reserves - 0.5×10^12 BoO

  • Ex: Company drills & finds oil; then figures out geographically that there might be oils in another place but have yet to find it

• Years of Supply - 52 years

Some math about Supply

If you have 1 million u(?) of supply of something & you use 1 per year, how long until your supply last?

• 1 million years

• v(?)

  • 926 years

Hard Paths & Soft Paths

• Hard Path: Advocates support the devlopment of large power generating systems liek coal & nuclear electricity generating plants that we see springing up around the world

  • Rely primarily on non-renewable resources

• Soft Path: Advocates the use of renewable resources & serious conservation programs

  • Hydropower, solar-heating, solar photovolitaries bromass, w(?) & tides

Gnerated in 3 ways:

• Hydro

• Natural Gas=Brandon & Selkirk

• Diesel Fuel

Manitoba Hydro Dams

15 operating dams

4 areas

WInnipeg river - 1920

HVDC-High Voltage Direct Current (1960s) transmitting electricty in hudresds of km w/out much energy loss

Nelosn RIver & Grand Rapids

Largest Built in 50-60s, 2010 & 2020 (Keeyask-695 MW)

Laurie River -1950(two smaller near saskatcheran)

total generating capacity: 6400 MW

Future Operating Dams

Conowapa, 1390 MW

Gillam Aisland, 1000 MW

Gull 550 MW

Birthday 560 MW

Production & Sales 2021-2022

Manitoba Sales $1865 Million

Electriity to Manitoba - 22,573 Million kWh

Average 7.8 cents kWh

Exports sales $585 Million

Electricity sold - 6205 Million kWh

Average 10 cents kWh uninterrutptable

Average 3 cents kWh interruptable

• can be turned off (depending on wet/dry year) - given to neighbouring locations

INterruptable pwoer & uninteruptable wpoer

Natural Gas TCPL

only distributed within 30k mof the pipeline

about 70% of the population

NG is likely to remain the fuel fo choice for spacce & water heating