Early Human Development and Civilizations

Bipedalism

Walking on two legs, emerging in early hominins in Africa millions of years ago. It freed the hands for tools and carrying food. It matters because it set the foundation for tool use, brain growth, and human dominance.

Homo erectus

Early human species (1.9 million–150,000 years ago) that migrated out of Africa. Used tools and controlled fire. Important for showing increased intelligence, adaptability, and expansion.

Turkana Boy

1.6 million-year-old Homo erectus skeleton found in Kenya. Shows modern-like body proportions. Important evidence of physical development and long-distance mobility.

Carnivory

Meat consumption in early humans. Increased protein intake likely supported brain development and human evolution.

Physical Structures

Traits like opposable thumbs and upright posture. Enabled tool use and environmental adaptation.

Intellectual Faculty

Capacity for reasoning and planning. Allowed tool-making, cooperation, and eventually political institutions.

Social Habits

Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission.

Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Living in cooperative groups. Enabled survival and cultural transmission. - Tools

Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth.

Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Stone implements used for cutting and hunting. Show cognitive growth. - Bifacial Hand Axe

Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill.

Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Tool sharpened on both sides (Homo erectus). Demonstrates planning and skill. - Fire

Controlled by Homo erectus. Provided warmth, protection, and cooking. Boosted survival and brain development.

Language

Complex communication system unique to humans. Allowed large-scale cooperation and civilization-building.

Homo sapiens

Modern humans (~300,000 years ago). Developed art, symbolic thinking, and advanced societies.

Mount Toba

Massive volcanic eruption (~74,000 years ago). May have reduced human population. Shows resilience of Homo sapiens.

Art

Cave paintings and figurines. Evidence of symbolic thought and culture.

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Hunter-Gatherer Societies

Small, mobile, relatively egalitarian groups. Important as the original human lifestyle.

Natufians

Middle Eastern group (~12,000 BCE) transitioning to settled life. Bridge between foraging and farming.

Agriculture

Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities.

Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Farming beginning ~10,000 BCE. Led to surplus, population growth, and cities. - Domestication

Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements.

Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlementsplants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Taming g plants/animals. Enabled permanent settlements. - Property

Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality.

Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Ownership of land/resources. Emerges with farming; increases inequality. - Gathering

Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life.

Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Collecting wild foods. Key part of pre-agricultural life. - Villages

Permanent settlements formed through farming.

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Sex

Biological differences.

Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Biological differences. - Gender

Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies.

Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Social roles assigned by society. Became more rigid in agricultural societies. - Bread

Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization.

Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - Symbol of agricultural surplus. Surplus allows specialization. - City

Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy.

Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - Large permanent settlement with specialization and hierarchy. - State

Political organization with authority over territory.

Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Political organization with authority over territory. - Distinct Social Classes

Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus.

Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Hierarchy (elite, commoners, slaves). Emerges with surplus. - Economic Specialization of Labor

People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence.

People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - People focus on specific jobs. Increases interdependence. - Interdependence

Reliance on others’ specialized work.

Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Reliance on others’ specialized work. - Urban-Rural Divide

Differences between city dwellers and farmers.

Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Differences between city dwellers and farmers. - Civilization

Complex society with cities, writing, government.

Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - Complex society with cities, writing, government. - City-State

Independent city with its own government (Mesopotamia, Greece).

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 🏺 Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia

“Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization.

“Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - “Land between rivers” (Tigris & Euphrates). First major civilization. - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

Enabled irrigation agriculture.

Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Enabled irrigation agriculture. - Amorite Empire

Group that established Babylonian rule.

Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Group that established Babylonian rule. - Babylon

Major Mesopotamian city-state.

Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Major Mesopotamian city-state. - Code of Hammurabi

Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice.

Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Law code (~1754 BCE). Showed state authority and class-based justice. - Private Property

Legal ownership of land. Protected by state laws.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 🏛 Greece

Polis

Greek city-state; political and social unit.

Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Greek city-state; political and social unit. - Athens

Democratic polis and naval power.

Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Democratic polis and naval power. - Debt Slavery

Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens.

Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Enslavement due to unpaid debts. Led to reforms in Athens. - Democratic Institutions

Assembly and voting by male citizens.

Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Assembly and voting by male citizens. - Sparta

Militaristic polis.

Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Militaristic polis. - Helots

Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta.

Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Enslaved agricultural workers in Sparta. - Arete

Greek ideal of excellence and virtue.

Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Greek ideal of excellence and virtue. - Persian Wars

Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power.

Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Conflict between Greece and Persia (5th century BCE). Boosted Athenian power. - Athenian Empire

Athens’ control over other Greek cities.

Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Athens’ control over other Greek cities. - Trireme

Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power.

Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Greek warship; key to Athenian naval power. - Thetes

Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy.

Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Poor Athenian citizens who rowed triremes. Expanded democracy. - Second Peloponnesian War

Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance.

Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Athens vs Sparta (431–404 BCE). Ended Athenian dominance. - Pericles

Leader during Athens’ Golden Age.

Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Leader during Athens’ Golden Age. - Pericles’ Funeral Oration

Speech praising democracy and civic virtue.

Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - Speech praising democracy and civic virtue. - The Melian Dialogue

Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism.

Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Thucydides’ account showing Athenian imperialism and realism. - Melos

Island destroyed by Athens.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 🏯 China

Zhou Dynasty

Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven.

Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Chinese dynasty introducing Mandate of Heaven. - Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Period of decline and fragmentation.

Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Period of decline and fragmentation. - Middle Kingdom

China’s view of itself as center of civilization.

China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - China’s view of itself as center of civilization. - Mandate of Heaven

Divine approval to rule; can be lost.

Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Divine approval to rule; can be lost. - Warring States Period

Time of conflict before Qin unification.

Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Time of conflict before Qin unification. - Confucius

Philosopher emphasizing morality and order.

Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - Philosopher emphasizing morality and order. - The Analects

Collection of Confucius’ teachings.

Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Collection of Confucius’ teachings. - Humaneness (Ren)

Moral virtue and compassion.

Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Moral virtue and compassion. - Reciprocity

Treat others as you wish to be treated.

Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Treat others as you wish to be treated. - Mencius

Confucian thinker; humans naturally good.

Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Confucian thinker; humans naturally good. - Humane Government

Rule through care and morality, not force.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 🧘 Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE).

Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - Founder of Buddhism (6th century BCE). - The Buddha’s Sermons

Teachings on suffering and liberation.

Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Teachings on suffering and liberation. - Suffering

Central human condition (dukkha).

Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Central human condition (dukkha). - Desire

Cause of suffering.

Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Cause of suffering. - Middle Path

Avoid extremes.

Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Avoid extremes. - Enlightenment

Freedom from suffering.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 🏹 Persia & Hellenism

Persian Empire

Large empire across Middle East.

Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Large empire across Middle East. - Cyrus the Great

Founder; religious tolerance.

Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Founder; religious tolerance. - Darius I

Expanded and organized empire.

Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Expanded and organized empire. - Zoroastrianism

Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda.

Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Persian religion centered on Ahura Mazda. - Ahura Mazda

Supreme god of Zoroastrianism.

Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Supreme god of Zoroastrianism. - Ahiram

Phoenician ruler known from early alphabet inscriptions (important for development of writing systems).

Henotheism

Worship of one god without denying others.

Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Worship of one god without denying others. - Alexander the Great

Conquered Persia (4th century BCE).

Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Conquered Persia (4th century BCE). - Hellenistic Culture

Blend of Greek and local cultures.

Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Blend of Greek and local cultures. - Koine

Common Greek language.

Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Common Greek language. - Alexandria

Major Hellenistic city of learning.

Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Major Hellenistic city of learning. - Cosmopolitan

Culturally diverse.

Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Culturally diverse. - Alexander Adopts Persian Ways

Shows cultural blending and political strategy.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ✡ Judaism & Rome

Judaism

Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God.

Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Monotheistic religion centered on covenant with God. - Circumcision

Sign of covenant.

Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Sign of covenant. - Gymnasium

Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization.

Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - Greek cultural institution; symbol of Hellenization. - I Maccabees

Text describing Jewish revolt against Seleucid rule.

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Rome

Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE).

Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Founded (legend: Romulus, 753 BCE). - Roman Republic

Government after monarchy (509 BCE).

Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Government after monarchy (509 BCE). - Twelve Tables

First written Roman law code (~450 BCE).

First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - First written Roman law code (~450 BCE). - Citizenship

Legal status with rights and duties; key to Roman expansion.