Isabella Alberti AP US Midterm Review Sheet

AP US History Mr. Harras

4 SAQ Total

MID-TERM REVIEW SHEET

PERIOD 1 (1491-1607)

  • Spanish colonization of the Americas (1-2 questions on this topic) (Know the cause and effect, encomienda system)
    • Encomienda system - divide land amongst spanish settlers, with natives providing slave labor (this does not work out: natives die of overworking, they know routes to escape because they know the land better). As a result african americans soon get used for labor.
    • Spanish arrive in Americas - come for gold (find a lot of it), glory, and god.
    • They brought disease (small pox) which wipes out many natives
    • Natives were also murdered by conquistadors (conquers).

PERIOD 2 (1607-1754)

  • Jamestown settlement (Virginia company, problems with settlement, eventual success)
    • Jamestown - first permanent english settlement, established by the Virginia Company (a joint stock company - looking to make money)
    • Problems: ran out of food, not enough provisions, native american attacks/conflicts
    • Tobacco crops bring success and resolves these problems
  • Bacon’s Rebellion (cause, significance)
    • Led by Nathaniel Bacon with other ex-indentured servants who felt that the Virginia government was not protecting (or representing) them.
    • Indentured servants are replaced with african american slave labor.
  • Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay Colony (Mayflower Compact, John Winthrop, Puritan beliefs)
    • Mayflower Compact: Puritans arrive - establish self government (make the laws and follow them)
    • Puritans came to escape religious persecutions - puritans were not tolerant, kicked Anne Hutchinson out for questioning Puritan authority.
    • Massachusetts Bay Colony leader John Winthrop says their colony is “like a city upon a hill” (perfect role model - people look up to)
  • Navigation Acts/Mercantilism
    • Mercantilism - colonies exist to trade raw materials with only the mother county, Mother country manufactures goods and sells them (usually back to the colony) and make money.
    • Export more than you import

PERIOD 3 (1754-1800)

  • English/French conflict in North America (Fur Trade, French and Indian War, Albany Plan of Union)
    • Fur trade leads to good, business-like relationship with natives
    • French and Indian war - England and France fight over territory in North America
    • Albany plan of union - Benjamin Franklin tries to unite the colonies to better handle the french threats
    • Famous Image - Snake “Join or Die”
  • Proclamation Act of 1763 (reason? Significance?)
    • King George III orders colonists (french) to not settle past the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict with natives. Colonists cross anyways.
  • English Acts (Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, Declaratory Act, Intolerable Acts)
    • Sugar Act - First tax (on molasses)
    • Stamp Act - first direct tax on the colonists
    • Led to protests - unhappy colonists
    • Tea Act - forces colonists to buy British tea - leads to Boston Tea Party
    • Declaratory Act - England declares to repeal to stamp act but people must still abide by the other laws (reinforces their dominance over the colonies)
    • Intolerable Acts (also known as the Coercive Acts) - Punishment for Bostons continued protests. Shuts down Massachusetts government and the Boston harbor.
  • Revolution (Sons of Liberty)
    • Sons of Liberty - organize protests and boycotts (also engaged in violent acts)
    • Rally cry - “no taxation without representation”
  • Virtual Representation
    • British answer to “no taxation without representation” - colonists are virtually represented in parliament (represented by someone who represents someone/something else)
  • Olive Branch Petition/Common Sense/Declaration of Independence
    • Olive Branch Petition - Colonists confirm loyalty to the king after revolutionary war starts. Asks to stop fighting and talk.
    • Common sense - Thomas Paine's reaction to British actions: colonies should seek independence
    • Declaration of Independence - inspired by the enlightenment. Natural born rights from God, and the governments role is to protect those rights (people have the power)
  • **The Articles of Confederation (weaknesses, Northwest Ordinance)(**SHORT ANSWER)
    • Articles of Confederation - First constitution: creates a weak federal government (could not tax the people, no standing army).
    • States have more power - Shays rebellion exposes problems of the Articles
    • NW Ordinance - procedure for admitting new states
  • Constitutional Convention (compromises, anti-Federalists v Federalists)
    • Great Compromise - creates two house legislature, representation based on population
    • Federalist vs Anti-Federalists - Federalists liked strong government in the constitution. Anti- Federalists wants rights discussed in the hopes of limiting that government.
  • Alexander Hamilton (financial plan)
    • State debt will be combined into one national debt, the Federalists government will pay off.