TEAS Review
Biology & Scientific Reasoning Notes
1. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led to the foundational principles of genetics.
A. Law of Segregation
• Each organism has two alleles for a trait (one from each parent).
• These alleles separate during gamete formation (meiosis) so that each gamete carries only one allele.
• Example: A plant with alleles Tt (tall and short) can pass either T or t to its offspring.
B. Law of Independent Assortment
• Different genes separate independently during gamete formation.
• Inheritance of one trait (e.g., eye color) does not affect inheritance of another (e.g., height).
• Applies to genes located on different chromosomes.
C. Dominant vs. Recessive Traits
• Dominant allele (A): Expressed even if only one copy is present (AA or Aa).
• Recessive allele (a): Only expressed when two copies are present (aa).
• Example: Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b) → BB or Bb = Brown, bb = Blue.
2. Macromolecules: The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules are large molecules essential for biological functions.
READING SECTION
Key Ideas and Details
1. Question: What is the main idea of a passage discussing the effects of air pollution?
Answer: The passage explains how air pollution harms human health and the environment.
2. Question: In a list of directions, what is the first step to assemble a bookshelf?
Answer: Gather all tools and materials listed in the instruction manual.
3. Question: What inference can you make about an author who describes recycling as “the cornerstone of environmental health”?
Answer: The author believes recycling is crucial for protecting the environment.
Craft and Structure
4. Question: What is the author’s purpose in a passage about the benefits of regular exercise?
Answer: To persuade readers to adopt a consistent exercise routine.
5. Question: How does the tone of an article influence its purpose?
Answer: A formal tone adds credibility, while an emotional tone may persuade or inspire readers.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
6. Question: Compare the data presented in a graph about solar energy use in 2010 versus 2020.
Answer: Solar energy use increased significantly over the decade, indicating growing adoption of renewable energy.
7. Question: Evaluate the argument in a passage advocating for electric cars.
Answer: The argument is strong because it provides data on cost savings, environmental benefits, and government incentives.
MATH SECTION
Numbers and Algebra
8. Question: Solve for x: 4x - 7 = 21.
Answer: x = 7.
9. Question: What is 30% of 150?
Answer: 45.
10. Question: If the ratio of apples to oranges is 2:3 and there are 15 oranges, how many apples are there?
Answer: 10 apples.
Measurement and Data
11. Question: Convert 5 kilometers to meters.
Answer: 5,000 meters.
12. Question: Calculate the area of a rectangle with a length of 8 cm and a width of 4 cm.
Answer: 32 cm².
13. Question: Interpret the trend in a bar graph showing a company’s sales over five years.
Answer: The graph shows steady sales growth over the five-year period.
SCIENCE SECTION
Human Anatomy and Physiology
14. Question: What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Answer: To deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
15. Question: Name two components of the cardiovascular system.
Answer: The heart and blood vessels.
Biology
16. Question: What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
Answer: To produce energy in the form of ATP.
17. Question: Define Mendel’s law of segregation.
Answer: Each parent contributes one allele for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation.
Chemistry
18. Question: What is the pH range of an acidic solution?
Answer: 0 to 6.9.
19. Question: Balance this equation: H_2 + O_2 → H_2O.
Answer: 2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O.
Scientific Reasoning
20. Question: Formulate a hypothesis for an experiment testing the effect of light on plant growth.
Answer: Plants exposed to more light will grow taller than those in low light.
21. Question: Interpret the data in a bar chart showing the effect of fertilizer on crop yield.
Answer: Crops treated with fertilizer A showed the highest yield, indicating it is the most effective.
ENGLISH AND LANGUAGE USAGE SECTION
Conventions of Standard English
22. Question: Correct this sentence: “Its raining outside.”
Answer: “It’s raining outside.”
23. Question: Identify the subject in the sentence: “The dog barked loudly.”
Answer: The dog.
Knowledge of Language
24. Question: Revise for clarity: “The experiment results were not good.”
Answer: “The experiment results were inconclusive.”
25. Question: Organize these sentences into a coherent paragraph about study habits:
• “Taking breaks improves focus.”
• “Creating a study schedule helps manage time.”
• “Finding a quiet place to study minimizes distractions.”
Answer: “Creating a study schedule helps manage time. Finding a quiet place to study minimizes distractions. Taking breaks improves focus.”
Using Language and Vocabulary
26. Question: What does the prefix “pre-” mean in “pretest”?
Answer: Before.
27. Question: Use context to determine the meaning of “catalyst” in this sentence: “The new CEO was a catalyst for change in the company.”
Answer: A person or thing that causes significant change or action.