Health Promotion and Disease Prevention PP

Health:
- Defined by WHO (1948) as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, beyond just the absence of disease.
- Nightingale (1859) described it as using individual powers to their fullest extent.
Wellness:
- A positive state of health for individuals, families, or communities.
Disease:
- An alteration in body functions that reduces capacities or shortens lifespan.
Illness:
- Individual's diminished physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual functioning.
Injury:
- An act or event causing damage or loss to a body's functioning.

Wellness:
- Taking control of one’s health and incorporating behaviors to enhance well-being.
- Gaining knowledge, conducting self-checks, and recognizing wellness issues.
Dysfunction:
- Initial signs of illness leading to treatment focus on symptoms.
Early Demise:
- Progression towards more severe illness or conditions.

Definition by WHO: Health promotion enables better health control and improvement.
Interventions:
- National Level: Utilizes Healthy People objectives and legislation.
- Individual Level: Health care providers focus on improving clients' health.

Definition: Measures to reduce disease burden and risk factors.
Three Levels of Prevention:
- Primary Prevention: Change behaviors to reduce risk (e.g., vaccinations).
- Secondary Prevention: Early screening to catch diseases before symptoms appear.
- Tertiary Prevention: Manage diagnosed diseases to minimize progression.

Primary Prevention: Preemptively reducing health effects (vaccinations, lifestyle changes).
Secondary Prevention: Early detection screenings (mammography, blood pressure checks).
Tertiary Prevention: Post-diagnosis management strategies (chemotherapy, rehabilitation).

Purpose: Identify health priorities for improvement at individual, community, and organizational levels.
History: Launched in 1979, focuses on reducing preventable death and injury.
Current Edition: Healthy People 2030 is the fifth edition, updated every ten years.

Focus: Recommended activities targeted specifically at enhancing older adult health.

Definition: Result of health promotion and disease prevention efforts.
Outcome Empowerment: Individuals can make healthier choices to mitigate disease and disability risks.

Seven Components:
- Environmental
- Occupational
- Intellectual
- Spiritual
- Physical
- Emotional
- Social

Definition: Involves verbal/written approaches to inspire healthier choices.
Importance: Evidence-based, culturally sensitive, and easily accessible communication.

Strategies: Communicate risks, benefits, necessary behavioral changes, and tools for change.
Client Understanding: Education should be presented at accessible levels for clients; initiation upon first contact.

Importance: Clinicians must prioritize self-care to prevent burnout and maintain emotional well-being.
Definition of Burnout: Loss of idealism, energy, and purpose due to work conditions.

Social Determinants of Health: Five interrelated categories.
- Genetics
- Behavior
- Environmental and Physical Influences
- Medical Care
- Social Factors

Modifiable Risk Factors: Behaviors that can increase/decrease risk (e.g., tobacco use).
Nonmodifiable Risk Factors: Conditions that cannot be changed, such as genetics and age.

Role of Culture: Influences beliefs, values, and health practices.
Respect for Culture: Knowledge of cultural preferences is critical to improving health outcomes.

Modifiable Factors: Lifestyle choices affecting heart disease risk (e.g., smoking, obesity).
Nonmodifiable Factors: Age, race, genetic predispositions that increase risk.

Understanding Needs: Key for nurses to effectively implement health promotion strategies.