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Origins and Founders of Judaism
Created by Cuiba & Dellosa
Table of Contents
01: Judaism and the Jews
02: Origin of Judaism
03: Abraham and His Descendants
04: About Abraham and His Descendants
05: Moses
06: About Moses and their journey to Canaan
01 Judaism and the Jews
What is Judaism?
A monotheistic religion centered on the worship of one God.
Origin of Judaism
The term ''Judaism'' and the name ''Jew'' are derived from ''Judah'', one of Jacob's sons.
Originally, ''Jews'' referred to members of the Tribe of Judah.
Over time, the term expanded to include all members of the Kingdom of Judah.
Modern Jewish Population
Approximately 14–15 million Jews worldwide.
Largest populations:
Israel: 6.2 million
United States: 6.2 million
France: 600,000
Canada: 420,000
United Kingdom: 360,000
Hebrew and Israelites
Jews are referred to as ''Hebrews'' as descendants of Abraham, who was called a Hebrew.
Known as ''Israelites'' after Jacob, who was renamed Israel, meaning ''Children of Israel''.
Non-Jews are referred to as ''Gentiles'' in the Hebrew Bible.
02 Abraham and His Descendants
Abraham
Originally named Abram; renamed Abraham after God's covenant.
His wife Sarai was renamed Sarah.
Origin: Lived in Ur of the Chaldeans (present-day Iraq).
Family:
Terah (father)
Sarah (wife)
Lot (nephew)
Nahor (brother)
Milcah (Nahor's wife)
Call to Canaan
While in Harran, God instructed Abraham to leave for Canaan, promising he would become the father of a great nation (Genesis 12:2).
Challenges of Abraham and Sarah
Abraham and Sarah were childless, casting doubt on the promise of a nation.
God reassured Abraham that he would have a son, with descendants as numerous as the stars.
Birth of Ishmael
Abraham had a son named Ishmael with his maidservant Hagar.
Test of Sacrifice
God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son.
Muslim tradition identifies the son as Ishmael, while Jewish and Christian traditions say Isaac.
God provided a ram as a substitute for sacrifice, reaffirming the covenant.
Isaac and His Family
Isaac, the son of Abraham and Sarah, inherited the covenant.
Married Rebekah through divine choice. She bore twin sons: Esau and Jacob.
Jacob became the heir and father of the 12 tribes of Israel.
Jacob's Spiritual Transformation
Jacob wrestled with a divine figure, receiving the name Israel, meaning ''one who struggles with God''.
This struggle marked a pivotal moment in history for the Israelites.
Jacob and His 12 Sons
Reuben: The firstborn; lost birthright.
Simeon: Known for violence; avenged sister Dinah.
Levi: Became the priestly tribe.
Judah: Forefather of kings such as David.
Dan: Associated with wisdom.
Naphtali: Renowned for agility.
Gad: A warrior tribe.
Asher: Linked to prosperity.
Issachar: Known for wisdom and sagacity.
Zebulun: Noted for trade.
Joseph: Favorite son, sold into slavery, later rose to power in Egypt.
Benjamin: Youngest son, fierce warriors.
The Covenant with Abraham
God promised:
A great nation from his lineage.
Descendants as numerous as stars.
Inheritance of the Promised Land (Canaan).
Blessings through Abraham to all nations.
Responsibilities in the Covenant
Abraham and his descendants must:
Worship only God (Monotheism).
Obey God’s commands.
Accept circumcision as a sign of their covenant status.
03 Moses
Enslavement of the Israelites
Israelites became slaves in Egypt after Joseph's story.
Joseph, sold into slavery by brothers, became powerful in Egypt.
Pharaoh enslaved Israelites post-Joseph's death.
Moses was chosen by God to lead them out.
Moses' Early Life
Born an Israelite, raised as an Egyptian prince.
After killing an Egyptian, Moses fled to Midian.
Called by God from a burning bush to return to Egypt.
Moses and the 10 Plagues
God sent ten plagues to convince Pharaoh to release the Israelites, culminating in the death of the firstborn, which led to the observance of Passover.
Nile to Blood: Water turned undrinkable.
Frog Infestation: Chaos in homes.
Gnats: Dust turned into bothersome gnats.
Flies: Invasive swarms.
Livestock Disease: Animals died; Israelites spared.
Boils: Painful conditions arose.
Hailstorm: Devastated crops.
Locusts: Devoured remaining plants.
Total Darkness: Enveloped the land.
Death of Firstborn: Final plague, Israelites marked their doorposts.
Exodus and Red Sea
Israelites spared; God parted the Red Sea.
In the desert, God provided for them and lead them with a pillar of cloud and fire.
The 10 Commandments
Moses received commandments on Mount Sinai, renewing the covenant.
Israelites’ journey lasted 40 years before entering Promised Land under Joshua's leadership.
Three Major Periods of Israelite History
Age of the Judges: God-appointed leaders; periods of oppression.
Age of the Kings: Transition to kings; notable rulers like Saul, David, and Solomon.
Age of the Prophets: Prophets were sent to guide and correct the people.
Age of the Judges
Judges like Deborah, Gideon, and Samson led the people.
Period marked by cycles of sin and redemption.
Age of the Kings
Transition from judges to kings:
Saul: First king, initially chosen by God.
David: United Israel, established Jerusalem.
Solomon: Solomon built the First Temple, known for wisdom; kingdom split after his reign.
Age of the Prophets
Prophets called the people back to faithfulness:
Elijah and Elisha: Warned against idolatry.
Isaiah: Prophesied judgment and Messiah's coming.
Jeremiah: Warned of Jerusalem's destruction.
Daniel: Prophecies during exile.
Continued through the crisis with the fall of both kingdoms.
Short Assessment
What was one of the promises God made to Abraham?
B. His descendants would inherit Canaan.
What was required from Abraham and his descendants in the covenant?
C. Circumcision as a sign of obedience.
What did Moses receive from God on Mount Sinai?
B. The Ten Commandments.
What happened when Jacob wrestled with the angel?
B. He was blessed and renamed Israel.
What significant role did Moses play in the covenant with God?
B. He led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.
Conclusion
Thank You for your attention.
Here is a quiz based on the note about the Origins and Founders of Judaism:
Quiz on Origins and Founders of Judaism
What is the primary belief of Judaism?a) Polytheismb) Monotheismc) Atheismd) Agnosticism
From which son of Jacob does the term "Jew" originate?a) Reubenb) Judahc) Levid) Joseph
What significant promise did God make to Abraham?a) He would become rich.b) He would discover new lands.c) His descendants would inherit Canaan.d) He would live forever.
Who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt?a) Abrahamb) Jacobc) Mosesd) David
What were the descendants of Jacob known as after he was renamed Israel?a) Hebrewsb) Jewsc) Israelitesd) Gentiles
What did Moses receive on Mount Sinai?a) The Ark of the Covenantb) The Ten Commandmentsc) The Torahd) The Psalms
Name one of the three major periods of Israelite history mentioned.a) Age of the Generalsb) Age of the Kingsc) Age of the Merchantsd) Age of the Scholars
Which king is known for establishing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel?a) Saulb) Solomonc) Davidd) Hezekiah
What is the significance of circumcision in the covenant with Abraham?a) It's a cultural tradition.b) It's a sign of obedience to God.c) It's a rite of passage.d) It's a health practice.
Who are considered "Gentiles" in the Hebrew Bible?a) Other Jewsb) Followers of other religionsc) Non-Jewsd) Israelites
Answers:
b
b
c
c
c
b
b
c
b
c