Chapter Nine Obstetrics Neonatology& Neonatology

Neonatology

Medical Terms NOT Built from Word Parts

  • ablation

  • complementary

  • anovulation

  • contraception

  • dyspareunia

  • fistula

  • hormone therapy

  • menarche

  • menopause

  • oligoovulation

  • speculum

Chapter Outline

Anatomy (314)

  • Terms Relating to Pregnancy (314)

Word Parts (315)

  • Obstetrics and Neonatology

Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. Pronounce organs and anatomic structures related to pregnancy.

  2. Define and spell word parts related to obstetrics and neonatology.

  3. Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms related to obstetrics and neonatology.

  4. Define, pronounce, and spell surgical and diagnostic terms related to obstetrics and neonatology.

  5. Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related to obstetrics and neonatology.

  6. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to obstetrics and neonatology.

  7. Apply medical language in clinical contexts.

Medical Terms (320)

Obstetric Disease and Disorder Terms (320)

  • Built from Word Parts and NOT Built from Word Parts (326)

Obstetric Surgical Terms (331)

  • Built from Word Parts and NOT Built from Word Parts (331)

Obstetric and Neonatology Diagnostic Terms (334)

  • Built from Word Parts and NOT Built from Word Parts (334)

Obstetric Complementary Terms (338)

  • Built from Word Parts and NOT Built from Word Parts (338)

Neonatology Complementary Terms (344)

  • Built from Word Parts and NOT Built from Word Parts (344)

Abbreviations (348)
Practical Application (350)

  • Comparing Terms: Gravid/o and Par/o (338)

  • Terms Relating to Mother and Newborn (345)

  • Translate Between Everyday Language and Medical Language (350)

  • Interact with Medical Documents (351)

  • Use Medical Terms in Clinical Statements (352)

  • Use Medical Language in Online Electronic Health Records (353)

  • Pronounce Medical Terms in Use (353)

Chapter Review (354)

  • Chapter Content Quiz (354)

  • Chapter at a Glance (355)

  • Answers to Chapter Exercises, Appendix A

Definition of Obstetrics and Neonatology

  • Obstetrics:

    • The branch of medicine that deals with childbirth and the care of the mother before, during, and after birth.

  • Neonatology:

    • The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the newborn.

Terms Relating to Pregnancy

  • gamete (GAM-ED): mature germ cell, either sperm (male) or ovum (female).

  • fertilization (fer-ti-li-ZA-shun): beginning of pregnancy, when the sperm enters the ovum; normally occurs in the fallopian tubes (also called conception).

  • zygote (ZI-göt): cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum.

  • embryo (EM-bre-ō): development stage from implantation of the zygote until the end of the eighth week.

  • fetus (FE-tus): unborn offspring from the beginning of the ninth week until birth.

  • gestation (jes-TÄ-shun): duration of pregnancy, normally 38 to 42 weeks, divided into three equal periods called trimesters.

  • implantation (im-plan-TA-shun): embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining, starting about 7 days after fertilization.

  • placenta (pla-SEN-ta): provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus; detaches from the endometrium after delivery.

  • amniotic sac (am-ne-OT-ic sak): membranous bag surrounding the fetus before delivery.

  • chorion (KOR-on): outermost layer of the amniotic sac.

Additional Terms and Definitions

Amnion and Related Terms

  • amnion (am-nē-ON): innermost layer of the amniotic sac.

  • amniotic fluid (am-ne-OT-ic flu-id): fluid within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.

  • umbilicus (um-BIL-i-cus): navel, the site of attachment of the umbilical cord.

Skin Changes During Pregnancy

  • linea nigra: dark medial line extending from the pubis upward.

  • striae gravidarum: "stretch marks" due to weakening of elastic tissues.

  • chloasma: hyperpigmentation of blotchy brown macules on the cheeks and forehead.

Word Parts for Obstetrics and Neonatology

Combining Forms

  • amni/o: amnion, amniotic fluid.

  • omphal/o: umbilicus, navel.

  • par/o: bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth.

  • chori/o: chorion.

  • fet/o: fetus, unborn offspring.

  • puerper/o: puerperium (time after childbirth).

  • gravid/o: pregnancy.

  • lact/o: milk.

  • nat/o: birth.

Prefixes

  • ante-: before.

  • neo-: new.

  • dys-: painful, abnormal, difficult.

  • nulli-: none.

  • intra-: within.

  • poly-: many.

  • micro-: small.

  • post-: after.

  • multi-: many.

  • pre-: before.

Suffixes

  • -a: noun suffix, no meaning.

  • -ic, -al: pertaining to.

  • -itis: inflammation.

  • -logist: one who studies and treats.

  • -tocia: birth, labor.

Obstetric Disease and Disorder Terms

Built from Word Parts

  1. amnionitis (am-ne-o-NI-tis): inflammation of the amnion.

  2. chorioamnionitis (kor-e-o-am-nē-ō-NI-tis): inflammation of both the chorion and amnion.

  3. choriocarcinoma (kor-e-ō-kar-si-NO-ma): cancerous tumor of the chorion.

  4. dystocia (dis-TO-sha): difficult labor caused by maternal or fetal conditions.

  5. hysterorrhexis (bis-ter-o-REK-sis): rupture of the uterus.

NOT Built from Word Parts

  1. abortion (AB): termination of pregnancy before viability.

  2. abruptio placentae (ab-RUP-she-ō): premature separation of the placenta from the uterus.

  3. eclampsia (e-KLAMP-se-a): severe complication of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion.

  4. ectopic pregnancy (ek-TOP-ik): nonviable pregnancy occurring outside the uterus.

  5. placenta accreta spectrum (PAS): abnormal growth of the placenta.

Neonatology Disease and Disorder Terms

Built from Word Parts

  1. laryngomalacia (la-ring-go-ma-LA-sha): softening of the larynx.

  2. microcephalus (mi-kro-SEF-a-lus): small head.

  3. omphalitis (om-fa-Li-tis): inflammation of the umbilicus.

  4. omphalocele (OM-fal-o-sel): hernia at the umbilicus.

NOT Built from Word Parts

  1. cleft lip or palate (kleft): congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth.

  2. congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal): heart condition present at birth.

  3. Down syndrome (down): genetic disorder due to an extra chromosome.

Obstetric Surgical Terms

Built from Word Parts

  1. amniotomy (am-nē-OT-o-mě): incision into the amnion.

  2. episiotomy (e-piz-e-OT-o-mě): incision into the vulva to prevent tears during delivery.

NOT Built from Word Parts

  1. cervical cerclage (SER-vi-kal): suturing of the cervix to prevent premature delivery.

  2. cesarean section (C-section): birth through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus.

Obstetric and Neonatology Diagnostic Terms

Built from Word Parts

  1. amniocentesis (am-ne-o-sen-TE-sis): surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid.

  2. pelvic sonography (PEL-vik): process of recording sounds of the pelvis to evaluate the fetus.

NOT Built from Word Parts

  1. nuchal translucency screening (NO-kal): ultrasound test for early detection of Down syndrome.

  2. quad screen (kwod): blood test measuring four hormone levels for fetal disorders.

  3. Apgar score (AP-gar): assessment of newborn's health after birth based on five criteria.

Abbreviations

  • AB: abortion

  • AF: amniotic fluid

  • CMV: cytomegalovirus

  • EDD: expected date of delivery

  • FAS: fetal alcohol syndrome

  • IVF: in vitro fertilization

  • NB: newborn

  • OB: obstetrics

  • PAS: placenta accreta spectrum

  • PPH: postpartum hemorrhage

  • RDS: respiratory distress syndrome

Practical Application

  • Use medical terms in clinical contexts, including electronic health records and medical documents.