Final Art Exam
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Beyond being just a stylistic change, Romanticism represented a deeper shift whereby artists and writers valued _____________________ more than ________________________.
(p. 808)
technical virtuosity; symbolic meaning
symbolic meaning; technical virtuosity
reason and calculation; intuition and emotion
intuition and emotion; reason and calculation
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
The philosopher Edmund Burke defined the "sublime" as:
(p. 808)
intense feelings of arousal mixed with revulsion
disturbing feelings of frustration mixed with pleasure
thrilling feelings of awe mixed with fear
disorienting feelings of calm mixed with excitement
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
According to your textbook, landscape painting became particularly popular during the 19th century partly because:
(p. 816)
As farm living became more common, there was an increased demand for paintings that represented familiar, picturesque rural regions
As living in cities became increasingly common, images of a countryside that was "unspoiled" by urban development became more appealing
As people became more wealthy, they began to purchase art from rural artists as a way of supporting their local communities
As people became less wealthy, they began purchasing landscape paintings more frequently, since they tended to be less expensive than portraits or religious scenes
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
Artists found landscape painting to be an ideal form to express the Romantic theme of _____________ unified with the natural world.
(p. 816-817)
the soul
technology
human rationality
evil
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
Albert Bierstadt's magnificent landscape paintings of the American West reinforced the idea of:
(p. 821)
Manifest Destiny
America's superiority over Europe
the dangers of pollution and urban development
classical order and rationality
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Realist artists of the 1800s were influenced by:
(p. 822)
the racial diversity that characterized the American population during the 1800s
Christian morality, and its emphasis on charity and human welfare
a uniquely-American perspective on universal rights and liberties
the idea of observation and direct experience as the basis for knowledge
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Artists of the Realist movement often painted:
(p. 822)
grand, dramatic landscapes chosen for their seemingly transcendent nature
scenes depicting peasants, laborers, and other mundane subjects
highly-detailed portraits commissioned by families who had become wealthy from industrialism
historical scenes meant to record and memorialize great national events from the past
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
According to your textbook, what does the word "impression" refer to, with regard to the art movement known as "Impressionism"?
(p. 849)
using paint to capture one's own emotional response to what one is looking at
using paint to record a scene in the most detailed and visually illusionistic way possible
using paint to express political and social ideas which are often contradictory to the values of society
using paint to capture what one sees, as if in a fleeting moment, in a direct and immediate way
Question 4
1 / 1 pts
Carefully read the passage on page 850 that quotes the art critic Clement Greenberg. Which of the following best sums up Greenberg's description of Modernism in art?
(p. 850)
Modernism in art is a direct reflection of the radical political and social theories that emerged during the 19th century, such as those of Engels and Marx
Rather than hiding its methods and materials in order to represent a realistic illusion of an object or scene, Modernism openly displays these methods and materials
Modernism was greatly influenced by Darwin's ideas, and as such it is an art movement that uses rational processes to depict the physical world around us
In a general sense, Modernism has the same goals as Realism in art; however, the two achieve those goals in radically different ways
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following best describes why Monet repeatedly chose the same view of Rouen cathedral as a subject for his paintings?
(p. 854)
to memorialize Joan of Arc, who was executed in the town of Rouen in 1431, and whom Monet admired to the point of obsession
to record the movement of light over an identical form, over time, and under different weather conditions
to capture the cathedral's various stages of construction, which took place over the course of Monet's lifetime
to attempt to capture the cathedral's beauty and splendor, which, because Monet was such a perfectionist, took repeated attempts before he was satisfied
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
What was it that Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists found inspiring about Japanese woodblock prints, as part of the trend in art known as "Japonisme"?
(p. 858-859)
their bold subject matter, which was often erotically suggestive
their use of flat, unmodulated (unmixed) areas of color
the fact that they were printed on rice paper, which gave the prints a unique visual quality
the fact that they were small, portable, and easy to produce in great quantities
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
Although Post-Impressionism had its roots in the methods of the Impressionist painters, it was distinctly different. What was the difference, according to your textbook?
(p. 861)
Post-Impressionist artists typically employed a more limited range of colors in their work than the Impressionists had, but still managed to create equally intense visual effects
Post-Impressionist artists were generally younger than the Impressionists, which meant they tended to be bolder and more experimental in their work
Post-Impressionists dealt with color, line, and form in a less systematic, analytical, and expressive way than the Impressionists had
Post-Impressionists dealt with color, line, and form in a more systematic, analytical, and expressive way than the Impressionists had
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
In "The Letters of Vincent van Gogh" on page 865, your textbook quotes van Gogh himself. In one of these quotes, the painter explains that he doesn't use color to depict the world realistically in a traditional sense, but instead he uses it:
(p. 865)
to strongly suggest an emotion
to symbolically represent and idea
to make a political statement
to antagonize, upset, and repel viewers
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
In an effort to understand three-dimensional form in space, Paul Cezanne depicted objects _____________________________.
(p. 868)
grossly over-scale, compared to their true size
in strange and unnatural colors
from different viewpoints at the same time
completely flat
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
Cezanne's work had a particularly profound influence on which of the following 20th-century art movement?
(p. 869)
Cubism
Futurism
Pop Art
German Expressionism
Question 3
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Above all, Henri Matisse and other Fauve painters conveyed meaning through their use of:
(p. 889)
color
surface texture
linear patterns
form
Question 6
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Your book claims that Analytic Cubist paintings like The Portuguese appear to "collapse time and space." How do they do so, according to the text?
(p. 898)
by presenting multiple facets of an object at once, when in reality seeing those different facets would require movement and the passage of time
by requiring an extended period of time on the part of the viewer to interpret, decode, or otherwise figure out what is going on in the painting
by employing small canvases and a great many visual details, which together create an intimate viewing experience
by making the background space appears completely two-dimensional and flat
Question 7
0.75 / 0.75 pts
One of the distinguishing features of paintings that employ Synthetic Cubism, such as Picasso's Still Life with Chair-Caining, is:
(p. 899)
the use of unnatural or synthetic-looking colors to depict objects or scenes in the painting
the use of cube-shaped canvases that give the painting an actual three-dimensional form
the use of symmetry and regularly repeated patterns to create a sense of harmony, rhythm, and order in the painting
the use of newspaper, oilcloth, or other real materials, which are applied to the surface of the painting to create forms
Question 8
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Members of the Italian art movement known as "Futurism" celebrated the speed and energy of technology, and thus focused their art on motion in time and space. In his writing, Filippo Marinetti even described a ____________________ as more beautiful than a famous Classical Greek statue.
(p. 904)
speeding airplane
battleship under full steam
roaring locomotive
racing automobile
Question 11
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Following the disastrous events of the early 20th century that mankind had brought upon himself, what did the Dadaists believe offered humanity a route to salvation?
(p. 906)
a universal embracing of empathy and care, applied through substantial government social welfare programs
a return to the core ideals of the Enlightenment, including a renewed respect for rationality and reason
anarchy, irrationality, and a reliance on intuition
beauty and spirituality, as embodied by the arts
Question 14
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Unlike Dada, the Russian art movements known as Suprematism and Constructivism promoted:
(p. 910)
war and aggression as a means of cleansing or "purifying" society
the belief in the supremacy of some races over others, as measured by the types of art and culture that they produced
the power and authority of Russia's new political leaders, who emerged following the Russian Revolution
utopian ideals, and the ability of art to improve the world
Question 15
0.75 / 0.75 pts
In his attempts to create a totally non-objective art - meaning art that did not relate to the known, visible world – what basic form did Kazimir Malevich employ?
(p. 911)
the circle
the square
the triangle
the cylinder
Question 16
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Malevich believed that all people would easily understand his new art because:
(p. 911)
everyone would know the traditional Russian myths and folk tales depicted in his paintings
since sex is a universal human experience, everyone would respond to the erotic nature of his art
everyone could intuitively respond to the pure language of shape and color, regardless of their background or education
everyone would be familiar with the advertisements, newspaper scraps, and other print materials that he included as part of his collage technique
Question 17
0.75 / 0.75 pts
In his First Surrealist Manifesto (p. 916, "Written Sources" inset), Andre Breton claims that logic is a suppressive, constraining force: "We are still living under the reign of logic…" he writes. Based on the rest of the passage, what does Breton suggest can free the imagination, and allow creativity to assert itself once again?
(p. 915 - 916)
anger
dreams
spirituality
nature
Question 20
0.75 / 0.75 pts
In order to free the creative process from conscious control, which they felt had been imposed on them by society, some Surrealist artists relied on "planned accidents" as a way of making art. One such artist, Jean Miro, based his paintings on __________________ , which he then developed into more structured scenes.
(p. 920)
clouds that he observed
accidental splashes of paint on his studio floor
his own random doodles
creatures from his dreams and nightmares
Question 1
0.75 / 0.75 pts
The mid-20thcentury philosophy known as existentialism, promoted by thinkers like Jean Paul Sartre, denied the existence of _____________; thus, it suggested that humans must struggle with moral decisions on their own, without the help of the absolute, traditional values that __________________ had previously provided.
(p. 959)
rationality; reason
human progress; science
god; religion
differences among people; social hierarchies
Question 4
2 / 2 pts
In all previous chapters, the majority of the artists and art that was discussed were based in Europe, whereas in this chapter, the focus is on art produced in the United States. What prompted this shift, according to your textbook?
(p. 961)
The rapidly-emerging Hollywood film industry made the United Stated internationally fashionable as a destination for artists, writers, and other creative types
the economy of the United States far outpaced that of Europe during the mid-20th century, creating a market for the galleries and museums that supported new, innovative art
Artists had become disgusted with the dominance of the art academies of Europe, and felt America was a place where new ideas would be more welcome
None of the above
Question 5
0.75 / 0.75 pts
What was the most common goal of artists who were part of the New York School (movement) of Abstract Expressionism?
(p. 961)
Upsetting viewers, in order to undermine bourgeois values and traditional expectations of what art should look like
Expressing their own state of mind, and affecting viewers on an emotional level
Creating beautiful and enchanting combinations of formal elements like line, form, and color
Imitating the art of children, as a way of countering the harsh realities of adulthood and recapturing a sense of innocence
Question 6
0.75 / 0.75 pts
After reading "Greenbergian Formalism" on page 962 of your textbook, choose which of the following paintings Clement Greenberg would consider to be the most "pure."
(p. 962)
A painting of a figure that is crudely and simply depicted, but that conveys a great deal of emotion
A landscape painting that duplicates a scene from nature in a very skilled and realistic way
A painting that includes only gestural lines, shapes, and colors, without depicting anything recognizable
A painting that represents famous figures from history in an honest way, without glorifying or idealizing them
Question 8
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Jackson Pollock's painting techniques emphasized the prime importance of ________________ in gestural abstraction.
(p. 963)
symmetry
color
process
illusionism
Question 9
0.75 / 0.75 pts
The art critic Harold Rosenberg created the term __________________ to describe the work of the New York School of Abstract Expressionist painters, because of the energetic physical interaction that took place between the painter and the canvas.
(p. 964)
action painting
adventure painting
interactive painting
performance painting
Question 13
0.75 / 0.75 pts
According to your textbook, Post-Painterly Abstract paintings, which project a sense of cool rationality, conspicuously lack _________________.
(p. 966)
any clear evidence of the artist's "hand" in the making of the painting
any use of the principles of design or elements of art
any consideration for the value or marketability of the artwork
any concerns for being understood by ordinary viewers
Question 15
0.75 / 0.75 pts
To create a literal flatness to her work, and emphasize the fact that paintings are really just pigments on a flat surface, the Color-Field painter Helen Frankenthaler used what technique?
(p. 968)
imbedding objects and materials such as sand, broken glass, and even cigarette ashes into her paintings
creating broad, unblended areas of color using a paint roller or squeegee
masking areas of her canvas to create simple shapes and patterns
diluting paint and allowing it to soak into plain canvas, to create large, stained areas of color
Question 16
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Why did Clyfford Still title a series of his paintings with the dates that they were made, and nothing else?
(p. 968)
to emphasize the temporal nature of existence, and allude to the inevitability of death
to impart a sense of chronology, and a narrative framework, to his work
to reject the idea that the purpose of art is to represent people, places, or objects
to suggest that his paintings should not even be classified as "art"
Question 1
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Tony Smith, Donald Judd, and other Minimalist sculptors emphasized the "objecthood" of their art, meaning they emphasized the physical tangibility of their sculptures; how did they accomplish this?
(p. 971)
they displayed written statements with their sculptures that described the materials and methods by which they were produced, thus disclosing the process of their creation
they crafted their sculptures from conspicuously heavy materials, and made them enormously large and physically imposing
they used symmetry and multiple, repeated shapes to suggest a connection between their work and the laws of math and physics
they rejected illusionism by allowing the industrial materials that their art was made from to remain identifiable, and they also reduced their sculpture to simple geometric forms
Question 4
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Although Pop Art originated in England, the movement found more success in the United States. Why was this the case, according to your textbook?
(p. 974)
because the United States had wealthier collectors and government-supported museums, which were necessary to fund the costly materials that Pop Art required for its production
because the U.S. was a younger country, with a culture based less on tradition than that of Europe; thus, American viewers were more open-minded about innovative movements like Pop Art
because most of the talented English artists who had started the Pop Art movement had emigrated to the U.S.
because consumer culture, on which Pop Art was based, was more fully developed in America than it was in England at the time
Question 5
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Read the inset "Pop Art and Consumer Culture" on page 974. By re-introducing signs, metaphors, illusions, figural imagery, and even mass media images into their work, the author suggests that Pop Artists were reacting against what kind of art?
(p. 974)
surrealism
impressionism
pure abstraction
cubism
Question 8
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Why did Andy Warhol use the silkscreen printing method to make his paintings of mass-produced items and celebrities?
(p. 977)
it allowed him to produce intense colors and sharp contrasts that no other method could provide
it reinforced the pictures' connections to consumer culture, because it allowed him to produce his images endlessly
it enabled him to create enormously large images that were reminiscent of posters and billboards
he found the method to be personally satisfying, and an ideal format with which to express his own feelings and emotions
Question 11
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Claus Oldenberg depicted ordinary items such as food and lipstick as his sculpture, but he altered them in what way?
(p. 977)
he created them out of stuffed vinyl or canvas, or on an oversized, mammoth scale
he combined various different items into a single object so as to obscure their original purpose
he created them out of highly-polished chromed steel, which reflected the image of the person viewing them
he reproduced them as inflatables that ascended into the air like balloons
Question 14
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Duane Hanson's Superrealist sculptures of ordinary middle and lower-class Americans are intended to reflect the ______________ of their lives.
(p. 981)
diversity and cultural richness
simplicity and dignity
emptiness and resignation
egotism and selfishness
Question 15
0.75 / 0.75 pts
When an artwork, such as the type known as "earthworks," is created for a unique, particular location, it is referred to as:
(p. 995)
site-specific
eminent domain
limited-locale
designated environs
Question 17
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Your textbook points out that performance art founders such as John Cage and Allan Kaprow were interested in the intersection of art and _______________.
(p. 995)
emotion
politics
life
the American economy
Question 18
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Which of the following is true of Allan Kaprow's "Happenings"?
(p. 995)
they were not rehearsed events
they took place in ordinary places, rather than on a stage
they were often participatory, involving viewers
all of the above
Question 19
0.75 / 0.75 pts
Conceptual artists believe that an artwork's defining component is its ____________.
(p. 998)
material components
spiritual essence
idea
impact on the viewer
Question 1
3 / 3 pts
The first global exhibition of contemporary art was:
(p. 113)
The 1993 Whitney Biennial
The ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ exhibition in Paris
The 1986 Havana Biennale
Documenta 7
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
What complaint did artists and art critics have about the ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ exhibition?
(p. 113)
many of the non-western artists that the show included used traditional, indigenous artmaking methods, similar to the work of artisans
the exhibition included only European and American artists, and ignored those from Africa, Asia, South America, and elsewhere.
although the exhibition included artists from Africa, Asia, and elsewhere across the globe, it took place in a European city
the curators of the show reserved the best galleries of the museum for western artists, while relegating non-western participants to cramped and poorly-lit spots
Question 4
1 / 1 pts
What problem does the author suggest might occur with strongly political or ideological art, such as Cildo Meireles’s Mission/Missions (How to Build Cathedrals)?
(p. 116)
if the art disregards beauty in favor of delivering a political message, it runs the risk of disappointing viewers who have come to expect beauty from art
it tends to be underfunded and difficult to exhibit, since many museums and galleries fear the controversy that political art may create
it requires more time and attention to understand than most art, and many ordinary viewers don’t have that kind of attention span
unless they read a curatorial statement about the piece, most viewers won’t understand its political message
Question 5
3 / 3 pts
Cai Guo-Qiang chose the title Bringing to Venice what Marco Polo Forgot for his performance/installation piece involving fishing junks; Cai intended this title to function ________________, communicating the idea that Marco Polo was more interested in promoting exotic fiction about China, rather than introducing Europe to an authentic Chinese worldview.
(p. 119)
literally
metaphorically
poetically
all of the above
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Why does Cai Guo-Qiang often employ gunpowder and explosions in his art?
(p. 120)
it is a reference to the fact that gunpowder was invented in China
it suggests that energy can be derived from nature
he believes that destruction can be an act of construction
all of the above
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
Because they were __________________________, Felix-Gonzalez-Torres’s stacked candy and poster sculptures directly involved the public, and undermined the idea of art as an expensive, exclusive commodity.
(p. 120)
constructed using materials donated by ordinary people
conceived of and designed by children
offered for sale through public vending machines, at very low prices
composed of objects that were available for free to anyone visiting the gallery
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
According to the text, Gonzalez-Torres’s work often had a highly ________________ meaning, as well.
(p. 120)
antagonistic
personal
philosophical
all of the above
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
In the text, the author, Tony Godfrey, uses a personal anecdote from 1991 to describe how the poor financial market of the time affected art; what affect does he describe?
(p. 122)
auction prices for art increased, and the art market experienced tremendous growth
prices for art dropped, investors stopped using art for financial speculation, and genuine art collectors returned
art making became less concentrated within major cities, and became more diffused among smaller towns and communities
the focus of art shifted to neo-conceptual artists, rather than expressive painters
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
The author suggests that the emergence of more diverse and global art that began at the end of the 80s has resulted in the end of ____________________ in artmaking.
(p. 129)
movements
beauty
bias
realism
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
Godfrey also points out that major exhibitions such as the Whitney Biennial have become more diverse and inclusive, as well as focused and coherent, partly because of the increasingly prominent role of _______________________.
(p. 129)
ordinary viewers
art buyers
curators
museum trustees
Question 12
3 / 3 pts
Godfrey ends his essay by portraying the art museum as the site of a cultural ___________________.
(p. 129)
celebration
war
conversation
crisis
Question 19
Q: Conceptual artists believe that an artwork's defining component is its ____________.
A) material components
B) spiritual essence
C) idea ✅
D) impact on the viewer
Question 1
Q: The first global exhibition of contemporary art was:
A) The 1993 Whitney Biennial
B) The ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ exhibition in Paris ✅
C) The 1986 Havana Biennale
D) Documenta 7
Question 2
Q: What complaint did artists and critics have about the ‘Magiciens de la Terre’ exhibition?
A) Many non-western artists used traditional, indigenous methods
B) The show included only European and American artists
C) Although global in scope, it took place in a European city
D) Western artists were given better gallery space than non-western artists ✅
Question 4
Q: What problem might occur with strongly political art, according to the author?
A) It lacks beauty and may disappoint viewers
B) It’s underfunded and hard to exhibit
C) It takes too much time to understand
D) Viewers may not understand it without a curatorial statement ✅
Question 5
Q: Cai Guo-Qiang's title Bringing to Venice what Marco Polo Forgot was intended to function:
A) Literally
B) Metaphorically
C) Poetically
D) All of the above ✅
Question 6
Q: Why does Cai Guo-Qiang use gunpowder and explosions in his art?
A) It references China’s invention of gunpowder
B) It suggests energy from nature
C) It reflects creation through destruction
D) All of the above ✅
Question 7
Q: Felix-Gonzalez-Torres’s candy and poster sculptures undermined exclusivity because they were:
A) Made from donated materials
B) Designed by children
C) Sold cheaply
D) Available for free to gallery visitors ✅
Question 8
Q: Gonzalez-Torres’s work often had a highly ______________ meaning.
A) Antagonistic
B) Personal
C) Philosophical
D) All of the above ✅
Question 9
Q: How did the 1991 financial downturn affect art, according to Godfrey?
A) Art prices rose
B) Prices dropped, speculation stopped, and real collectors returned
C) Artmaking spread to small towns
D) Neo-conceptual art overtook expressionism
Correct answer: B ✅
Question 10
Q: The rise of global and diverse art in the late '80s led to the end of ___________ in artmaking.
A) Beauty
B) Bias
C) Realism
D) Movements ✅
Question 11
Q: What led to more diverse and focused exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial?
A) Ordinary viewers
B) Art buyers
C) Curators ✅
D) Museum trustees
Question 12
Q: Godfrey ends his essay by describing museums as sites of cultural:
A) Celebration
B) War
C) Conversation ✅
D) Crisis