Ashton Carr - Ch 3 AP Study Guide

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY                                  Name ________________________

Study Guide Chapter 3

  1. Know the functions of cellular organelles:

        Centrioles- Star-shaped pair of organelles found near the nucleus. Form mitotic spindle during cell fission to evenly divide genetic material.

Cilia / Flagella- short, many extensions on the surface of the plasma membrane that move the cell or move things past the cell. Flagella is a long, whip-like structure on the surface of the plasma membrane that moves the cell. Only human cell sperm.

Golgi body (apparatus)- stack of membrane bound sacs that make vacuoles

Lysosomes- membranous “bags” that contain digestive enzymes to lysis (split) or break down food, old cell parts, or bacteria.

Microtubules- strands and small tubes that facilitate movement through cytoplasm or at the base of cilia and flagella.

Mitochondrion- bean-shaped, double membranous organelle that performs cellular respiration to break down sugar to release carbon dioxide, water, and ATP energy.

Nucleus- control center that stores the genetic information (DNA)

Nucleolus- inside the nucleus and creates ribosomes

Peroxisomes-membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes to detoxify poisonous    substances and reduce free radicals in the cells.

Plasma Membrane- Small particles like water and dissolved substances can pass through the fats. Larger substances may move through the channel in the protein. regulates materials entering and leaving the cell.

RER- Membrane bound tube-like structure that has ribosomes studded on its surface.  Metabolizes proteins and transports them through the cell.

        

Ribosomes-non-membrane bound organelles that manufacture proteins.  Found on the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm. Made by nucleolus.

SER-membrane bound tube-like structure that metabolizes lipids and transports them through the cell.

        

Vacuole- it stores waste, water, and secretion

  1. Be able to label organelles on a cell diagram (study quiz, worksheet, or book diagrams)

  2. Be able to discuss the three main stages of cell division and what occurs during each phase.

Also, know the phases of mitosis in order and the changes that occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm during each phase.

  1. Be able to recognize slide shots of cells from 4 types of human tissue and classifications of each type.  Also know general functions, shape, & structure for multiple choice.

                1.  Epithelial

  1. Shapes

 i.

ii.

iii.

  1. Layers

                        

                        i.

                        ii.

                2.  Muscular

                        A

                        B

                        C

                3. Nervous

                4.  Connective

                        

A

B

C

D

E

F

  1. What is the difference between passive and active transport?

  2. What are types of passive transport?

  3. What is the difference between passive transport and passive mediated transport?

  4. What factors affect diffusion rates?

  5. What are differences between chromatin, chromatids, and chromosomes?

  6. What are the 3 main parts of a chromosome?        

  7. What are the complementary bases in DNA?        in RNA?

  8. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

  9. What are the organic chemicals that make up the plasma membrane?  What function does each play in the role of cellular transport?

  10. What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissues?

  11. What are differences between a mother cell and a daughter cell?

  12.  Know the relative concentrations of water and solids for three types of solutions and which way water will flow (result to cell).

SOLUTION                Solution has                Cell has                Water flows                result

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Isotonic