Periodic Table Study Guide

-Arranged by atomic number

-Group

-Vertical Column

-Similar properties

-Same Valence Electrons

-Period

-Horizontal row

-Period # - # energy levels

-Metals

-Most elements - left side of the periodic table

-Lose electrons to form cations

-Low ionization energy: Low electronegativity

-Solids except for Hg

-Good conductors of heat and electricity

-Malleable, ductile, and luster

-Nonmetals

-Right side of staircase

-Gain electrons to form anions

-High electronegativity: High ionization energy

-Diatomic: HONCLBrIF

-Brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity

-Metalloids

-Properties of both metals and nonmetals

-Above and below a step except for Al

-B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

-Table S

-Ionization energy- energy needed to remove electrons '

)noble gases highest, metals lowest

-Electronegativity -attraction for electrons

)Atomic Radius - size of atom

-Fr is largest, He is smallest

-Trends

-Down a group

)Atomic radius up, ionization energy down, Electronegativity down, metallic character up

)increased shells, increased shielding, decreased attraction for electrons

-Across a period

)Atomic radius down, Ionization energy up, Electronegativity down, Metallic character down

)Increased charge of the nucleus, increased attraction for electrons

-Groups

.1-Alkali Metals

)Extremely reactive

)1 Valence E-

.2- Alkaline Earth metals

)Reactive

)2 Valence E-

.3-12- Transition metals

)Multiple oxidation states

)Many form colored solutions

.16-Chalcogens

)6 Valence electrons

)Top are nonmetals, bottom afre metals

.17-Halogens

)7 Valence E-

)Diatomic molecules

)Most reactive nonmetals

.18-Noble Gases

)8 valence E-

)Stable octet

)Stable and unreactive

)Found monotonically