Meaning and Definition of Law
- Body of rules made by recognized authority.
- Regulates human conduct, compelling specific behaviors.
- Normative in character, guiding behavior for societal good.
Nature of Law
- Regulates human conduct and is enforceable by the state.
- Disobedience attracts sanctions.
Role of Law in Society
- Unifies society and prescribes behavior for all.
- Ensures equality before the law and promotes harmony.
Functions of Law
- Informs citizens of their rights and obligations.
- Guides relationships among citizens and maintains social balance.
- Protects individuals and property.
Classification of Law
Criminal Law
- Deals with crimes punishable by law.
Civil Law
- Addresses disputes between individuals.
Public Law
- Includes:
- Criminal Law
- Constitutional Law
- Administrative Law
- Revenue Law (Taxation)
Private Law
- Includes:
- Law of Contract
- Law of Trust
- Company Law
- Law of Evidence
- Law of Remedies
- Family Law
- Partnership Law
- Law of Procedure
Sources of Law in Nigeria
- The Constitution
- Nigerian Legislation
- Subsidiary Legislation
- Common Law
- Doctrines of Equity
- Statutes of General Application (1st January 1900)
- Customary Law
- Case Law (Judicial Decisions)
- International Law
International Law Theories
- Dualist Theory: Must be domesticated before application.
- Monist Theory: Automatically applies once ratified.
How Bills Become Law
- Drafting of the bill.
- Presentation before legislature.
- Readings and committee stages.
- Passed by legislature.
- Signed by President or Governor.
Administrative Law
- Regulates activities and powers of government agencies.