NP1

Situation: Barangay Hinatayan is a rural community where the public health nurse conducts activities aimed at preventing illness, detecting health problems early, and reducing disability among residents.

1. During a community assessment, Nurse Aiko notices that several households have uncovered containers filled with stagnant rainwater. She teaches families how to remove or properly cover these containers and encourages the use of mosquito nets at night. Which level of prevention is demonstrated by these interventions?

A. Secondary prevention

B. Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

D. Quaternary prevention

Answer: Primary prevention

2. A client with long-standing type 2 diabetes joins a community program that provides guidance on exercise, dietary management, and proper foot care. The goal is to maintain function and prevent complications associated with diabetes. Which level of prevention is primarily represented?

A. Secondary prevention

B. Primary prevention

C. Quaternary prevention

D. Tertiary prevention

Answer: Tertiary prevention

3. During a community health fair, Nurse Aiko offers blood pressure measurements to adults without known hypertension.

One participant has a reading of 158/98 mmHg and is advised to undergo further evaluation at the health center. Which level of prevention is demonstrated?

A. Primary prevention

B. Tertiary prevention

C. Health promotion

D. Secondary prevention

Answer: Secondary prevention

4. The community health nurse works with barangay leaders to teach residents about proper water treatment and safe drinking-water practices. Which level of prevention does this intervention represent?

A. Tertiary prevention

B. Primary prevention

C. Secondary prevention

D. Quaternary prevention

Answer: Primary prevention

5. A client who recently experienced a stroke has persistent difficulty with speech and performing daily activities. The community health nurse coordinates referrals for speech therapy and occupational therapy. Which level of prevention is being applied?

A. Secondary prevention

B. Primary prevention

C. Quaternary prevention

D. Tertiary prevention

Answer: Tertiary prevention

6. As the leader of the health sector, which action best demonstrates the Department of Health's (DOH) leadership function?

A. Advocating for the development and adoption of health policies, plans, and programs

B. Taking direct control of all health facilities managed by local government units

C. Limiting its programs to newly emerging communicable diseases

D. Providing health services as a private institution to underserved communities

Answer: Advocating for the development and adoption of health policies, plans, and programs

7. Which activity best reflects the role of the Department of Health (DOH) as an Enabler and Capacity Builder?

A. Operating national referral hospitals and specialized laboratories

B. Developing innovative health strategies while encouraging community participation in decision-making

C. Directly providing specialized services for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS

D. Monitoring only the health plans developed by local government unit

Answer: Developing innovative health strategies while encouraging community participation in decision-making

8. Which activity is most consistent with the Department of Health's role as Administrator of Specific Services?

A. Formulating national health policies and strategies.

B. Promoting innovation to improve the quality of health services

C. Managing national referral hospitals equipped with specialized and advanced technologies,

D. Facilitating public consultations regarding health policy development.

Answer: Managing national referral hospitals equipped with specialized and advanced technologies

9. Which of the following refers to the overarching reform agenda of the Department of Health designed to improve health outcomes through strengthened policies, systems, human resources, and financing?

A. Community Health Development

B. Health Sector Reform Agenda

C. National Objectives for Health

D. Self-Reliance

Answer: Health Sector Reform Agenda

10. The Department of Health adopted a framework to implement the Health Sector Reform Agenda through a coordinated package of critical interventions supported by appropriate management systems and financing mechanisms. What framework is being described?

A. National Objectives for Health

B. National Health Insurance Act

C. FOURmula ONE for Health

D. Health Sector Reform Agenda

Answer: FOURmula ONE for Health

11. Before leaving for a scheduled family visit, Nurse Lea checks her supplies to ensure that she can perform basic nursing procedures and provide immediate care in the client's home. Which item should be part of her essential home-visit equipment?

A. Community Health Record

B. Family Assessment Form

C. Public Health Bag

D. Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)

Answer: Public Health Bag

12. A CHN is reviewing the different components of Primary Health Care (PHC) before developing a long-term community program. Which component should receive the greatest emphasis because it prompts community ownership and sustainability of health programs?

A. Intersectoral collaboration

B. Provision of support mechanisms

C. Active community participation

D. Application of appropriate technology

Answer: Active community participation

13. A rural health center establishes a simple community-based medicine outlet where residents can obtain affordable essential medications without traveling to a distant hospital. Which PHC component i best illustrated by this program?

A. Use of appropriate technology

B. Community participation in health planning

C. Development of support mechanisms

D. Establishment of intersectoral partnerships

Answer: Use of appropriate technology

14. Nurse Marco is assigned to develop a community health program together with the municipal government, school official, sanitation workers, and local non-government organizations. Which PHC component is demonstrated by this approach?

A. Appropriate technology utilization

B. Community participation

C. Support mechanisms

D. Intra- and inter-sectoral linkages

Answer: Intra- and inter-sectoral linkages

15. A municipality provides livelihood training and employment opportunities to low-income families as part of its community health program. The intervention aims to improve the residents' economic capacity and overall well-being. Which PHC component does this represent?

A. Appropriate technology

B. Support mechanism made available

C. Community participation

D. Intra- and inter-sectoral linkages

Answer: Support mechanism made available

16. Nurse Carla is evaluating the accessibility of health services in an isolated community. According to the accepted standard, a health facility is considered readily accessible when it is located within approximately what distance from the community?

A. 1-2 km

B. 3-4 km

C. 5-6 km

D. 7-8 km

Answer: 3–4 km

17. In 1978, health leaders from different countries gathered for an international conference that resulted in the Alma-Ata Declaration, which emphasized Primary Health Care as the key to achieving health for all. In which country was this historic conference held?

A. United States

B. Philippines

C. India

D. Kazakhstan

Answer: Kazakhstan

18. A public health nurse is reviewing the legal foundation of Primary Health Care implementation in the Philippines. Which issuance officially established PHC as a national priority in 1979?

A. Presidential Decree No. 856

B. Letter of Instruction No. 949

C. Republic Act No. 7160

D. Executive Order No. 102

Answer: Letter of Instruction No. 949

19. A health administrator is evaluating whether the country's health system is meeting the objectives of FOURmula ONE for Health. Which outcome would best indicate achievement of its Health Service Delivery goal?

A. Increasing the number of specialized training programs for physicians

B. Improving access to basic and essential health services in public and private facilities

C. Expanding the use of highly advanced medical technology in rural communities

D. Improving administrative procedures in government hospitals only

Answer: Improving access to basic and essential health services in public and private facilities

20. During an orientation for newly hired community health workers, Nurse Paulo asks which professional is classified as a frontline or village-level health worker rather than an intermediate-level health worker. Which is the correct answer?

A. Public Health Nurse

B. Rural Sanitary Inspector

C. Midwife

D. Barangay Health Worker

Answer: Barangay Health Worker

21. A community health nurse is teaching residents about the legal regulation of traditional and alternative health practices in the Philippines. Which law specifically promotes and regulates traditional and alternative medicine, including the use of appropriate herbal preparations?

A. Republic Act No. 7610

B. Republic Act No. 8423

C. Republic Act No. 9211

D. Republic Act No. 9165

Answer: Republic Act No. 8423

22. Nurse Camille is assigned to follow up individuals who belong to specific groups targeted by a community health program. She needs a record that will allow her to identify eligible clients, monitor whether they receive services, and determine who still requires follow-up. Which FHSIS tool should she use?

A. Treatment Record

B. Monthly Record

C. Target Client List

D. Program Summary Record

Answer: Target Client List

23. The municipal health offices have submitted their health data for consolidation. Nurse Rafael is asked where the compiled output reports and statistical tables are prepared before being forwarded for higher-level evaluation. Where are these reports commonly produced?

A. Provincial Health Office

B. Regional Health Office

C. Division Health Office

D. Municipal Health Office

Answer: Provincial Health Office

24. During a community clinic, Nurse Bianca records each client's consultation, treatment, and health services received. Which FHSIS component serves as the primary record for documenting individual patient-level services?

A. Summary Table

B. Treatment Record

C. Reporting Form/Tally Record

D. Target Client List

Answer: Treatment Record

25. Nurse Daniel is monitoring pregnant women and children who require priority health interventions in his assigned community. He needs a record that allows him to identify these clients and track whether they receive the required services. Which FHSIS component should he use?

A. Treatment Record

B. Target Client List

C. Summary Table

D. Reporting Form/Tally Record

Answer: Target Client List

26. A rural health unit regularly submits summarized health information to the next level of the health system. Which FHSIS component is specifically used to routinely transmit aggregated data from one health facility to another?

A. Treatment Record

B. Reporting Forms/Tally Report

C. Target Client List

D. Summary Table

Answer: Reporting Forms/Tally Report

27. A postpartum client develops severe bleeding and the attending nurse determines that she may require a blood transfusion. To ensure that the client receives the appropriate level of emergency care, where should she be referred?

A. Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) facility

B. Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) facility

C. Rural health unit with trained midwives

D. Primary care facility

Answer: Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) facility

28. During a prenatal consultation, Nurse Camille reviews the tetanus immunization history of a pregnant client. The client has already completed TT4. What level of protection against tetanus is expected from this dose?

A. 70%

B. 80%

C. 99%

D. 100%

Answer: 99%

29. While observing a normal delivery, Nurse Adrian notices several interventions being performed by the healthcare team. Which practice should the nurse identify as not consistent with the Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care (EINC) approach?

A. Encouraging the mother to move freely during labor

B. Routinely maintaining the mother in a lithotomy position during delivery

C. Allowing the mother to take small amounts of fluid during labor

D. Administering oxytocin following delivery

Answer: Routinely maintaining the mother in a lithotomy position during delivery

30. Nurse Clarisse is caring for a newborn immediately after delivery and is following the recommended sequence of Essential Newborn Care. Which intervention should she perform first?

A. Initiate breastfeeding

B. Perform delayed cord clamping

C. Thoroughly dry the newborn

D. Place the newborn under a radiant warmer

Answer: Thoroughly dry the newborn

31. Nurse Julian is preparing routine newborn medications following delivery. Which medication should he administer as ocular prophylaxis to help prevent ophthalmia neonatorum?

A. Gentamicin ophthalmic solution

B. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

C. Penicillin ophthalmic solution

D. Silver nitrate eye preparation

Answer: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

32. During a community health teaching session, Nurse Marisol discusses the medicinal uses of common Filipino plants. Which use of bayabas (guava) should the nurse identify as not an established indication?

A. Using the leaves as a cleansing agent for wounds

B. Preparing a mouth rinse for certain oral conditions

C. Using preparations from the leaves to help manage diarrhea

D. Using bayabas as the primary treatment for fungal skin infections

Answer: Using bayabas as the primary treatment for fungal skin infections

33. During a nutritional assessment, Nurse Jericho determines that an adult client's weight is more than 10% above his ideal body weight but does not exceed 20%. How should the nurse classify the client's weight status?

A. Normal weight

B. Overweight

C. Obese

D. Underweight

Answer: Overweight

34. Nurse Bianca is assessing a 3-year-old child during a community nutrition screening. The child's mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measures 110 mm. What is the appropriate classification and intervention?

A. Normal nutritional status; continue routine dietary monitoring

B. Moderate malnutrition; provide routine nutritional counseling

C. Severe malnutrition; refer immediately for therapeutic management

D. Overnutrition; initiate an obesity prevention program

Answer: Severe malnutrition; refer immediately for therapeutic management

35. A mother brings her 7-year-old son to the health center because he has difficulty seeing when the surroundings become dark. Which nutritional deficiency should Nurse Clarissa suspect?

A. Iron deficiency

B. Vitamin C deficiency

C. Vitamin A deficiency

D. Zinc deficiency

Answer: Vitamin A deficiency

36. Nurse Darren is planning a community nutrition campaign focused on preventing micronutrient deficiencies. Which objective best describes the purpose of food fortification?

A. Increasing the protein content of meals to promote muscle development

B. Adding essential vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods to prevent deficiencies

C. Reducing caloric intake to decrease the prevalence of obesity

D. Improving the taste of staple foods to encourage greater food consumption

Answer: Adding essential vitamins and minerals to commonly consumed foods to prevent deficiencies

37. A community nutrition program plans to fortify a staple food with iron to help reduce iron deficienc among the population. Nurse Althea is asked which food would be the most appropriate vehicle because of its widespread consumption. Which should she select?

A. Sweet potato

B. Fish sauce

C. Rice

D. Fresh fish

Answer: Rice

38. During a sanitation inspection of a restaurant, Nurse Amara reviews the health documents of employees who prepare and handle food. Which document is required to confirm that food handlers are medically fit and free from conditions that may contaminate food?

A. Food Safety Training Certificate

   B. Sanitary Permit

   C. Health Certificate

D. Food Handler's Permit

Answer: Health Certificate

39. A local health inspector evaluates a food establishment and finds that it consistently maintain xcellent sanitation, follows food safety regulations, and has only minimal deficiencies. Whic classification should the establishment receive?

A. Class B- Very Satisfactory

   B. Class C- Satisfactory

   C. Class D - Unsatisfactory

   D. Class A - Excellent

Answer:

40. During a kitchen inspection, Nurse Rafael discovers that cooked meat has remained unrefrigerated for approximately 8 hours. The food still looks and smells normal. What should the food handler do?

A. Serve the food since there are no visible signs of spoilage

B. Reheat the food thoroughly before serving

C. Refrigerate the food and use it later

D. Discard the food because prolonged exposure to unsafe temperatures increases bacterial growth

Answer: Discard the food because prolonged exposure to unsafe temperatures increases bacterial growth

41. A hospital's waste management team is segregating materials contaminated with radioactive substances. Which color-coded container should be used for this type of waste?

A. Red

B. Yellow

C. Orange

D. Black

Answer: Orange

42. A laboratory produces waste containing toxic chemicals and heavy metals during an experiment.

Which color-coded container is appropriate for disposing of this waste?

A. Red

B. Yellow

C. Orange

D. Yellow with Black Band

Answer: Yellow with Black Band

43. Before assisting a client with a sterile procedure, Nurse Elena performs handwashing. Which action should she perform first?

A. Apply antimicrobial soap

B. Rub the palms and fingers together

C. Wet her hands under clean running water

D. Rinse her hands after scrubbing

Answer: Wet her hands under clean running water

44. Nurse Dominic is teaching newly hired staff how to interrupt the chain of infection. Which link can healthcare workers most directly control through hand hygiene, proper PPE, and isolation precautions?
A. Infectious agent
B. Portal of entry
C. Susceptible host
D. Mode of transmission

Answer: Mode of transmission

45. During an infection-control review, Nurse Valerie asks the staff to identify the correct progression of the chain of infection. Which sequence is accurate?

A. Infectious agent → Reservoir → Portal of exit → Portal of entry → Mode of transmission → Susceptible host

B. Reservoir → Infectious agent → Portal of exit → Mode of transmission → Portal of entry → Susceptible host

C. Infectious agent → Reservoir → Portal of exit → Mode of transmission → Portal of entry → Susceptible host

D. Infectious agent → Portal of exit → Reservoir → Portal of entry → Mode of transmission → Susceptible host

Answer: Infectious agent → Reservoir → Portal of exit → Mode of transmission → Portal of entry → Susceptible host

46. Nurse Camille is conducting a community teaching session about mosquito-borne illnesses. A resident asks how chikungunya is transmitted. Which mode of transmission should the nurse identify?

A. Airborne transmission

B. Direct contact transmission

C. Vehicle-borne transmission

D. Vector-borne transmission

Answer: Vector-borne transmission

47. A client with a respiratory infection must be transported to the radiology department for a diagnostic examination. The illness spreads through respiratory droplets produced during coughing and sneezing. Which precaution should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions

B. Contact precautions

C. Droplet precautions

D. Protective environment precautions

Answer: Droplet precautions

48. A client diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile asks Nurse Tristan how to prevent transmitting the infection to family members. Which statement indicates that the client understands the appropriate hand hygiene practice?

A. “I can use alcohol-based sanitizer after using the toilet."

B. "I should wear a mask whenever I use the bathroom."

C. "I should wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet."

D.  "I only need to wash my hands if I can see stool on them."

Answer: "I should wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet."

49. Nurse Helena is caring for a client with hepatitis A who is unable to control bowel movements.

Which additional infection-control precaution should the nurse use?

A. Droplet precautions

B. Standard precautions only

C. Contact precautions

D. Airborne precautions

Answer: Contact precautions

50. During a review session on infection prevention, Nurse Celeste asks a student to identify the statement that indicates an incorrect understanding of transmission-based precautions. Which statement requires additional teaching?

A. "Patients under droplet precautions should wear a surgical mask when they need to leave their room."

B. "A patient with meningitis should be placed in a negative-pressure room because it is an airborne infection."

C. "I should wear gloves and a gown when entering the room of a patient on contact precautions."

D. "For patients with C. difficile, norovirus, or rotavirus, I should use soap and water for hand hygiene instead of relying on alcohol-based sanitizer."

Answer: "A patient with meningitis should be placed in a negative-pressure room because it is an airborne infection."

51. Nurse Emilio is assigned to review the hospital's procedures for patients diagnosed with airborne infections. Which intervention demonstrates correct application of airborne precautions?

A. Place the patient in a positive-pressure room.

B. Use a surgical mask when entering the patient's room.

C. Place the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room.

D. Transfer the patient immediately to another healthcare facility.

Answer: Place the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room.

52. A client with bacterial meningitis needs to be transported to the diagnostic imaging department.

Nurse Valerie is preparing the client for transport. Which action is most appropriate?

A. Have the client wear a surgical mask throughout the transport.

B. Place the client in a specialized airborne isolation transport chamber.

C. Transport the client without precautions if the procedure will be brief.

D. Require the client to wear a complete isolation suit.

Answer: Have the client wear a surgical mask throughout the transport.

53. A client being treated for amoebiasis continues to experience frequent loose stools. Nurse Helena wants to prevent dehydration while the client recovers. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize?

A. Avoid solid food and fluids until the diarrhea stops.

B. Drink only commercially bottled water throughout the illness.

C. Take oral rehydration solution regularly to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

D. Use an over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication to completely stop bowel movements.

Answer: Take oral rehydration solution regularly to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

54. Nurse Andre is preparing to provide direct care to a client who has been placed under contact precautions. Which personal protective equipment should the nurse put on before entering the patient's room?
A. Surgical mask and gloves
B. Gloves, gown, and goggles
C. Gown, surgical mask, and gloves
D. Gloves and gown

Answer: Gloves and gown

55. During a health education session about HIV transmission, Nurse Selena asks the participants which body fluid has very little HIV concentration and is therefore not considered a significant source of transmission. Which response is correct?
A. Semen

B. Menstrual blood

C. Cerebrospinal fluid

D. Urine

Answer: Urine

56. A child is brought to the community clinic with repeated severe coughing episodes followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound. The healthcare provider suspects pertussis. Which type of microorganism causes this infection?

A. Virus

B. Bacterium

C. Protozoan

D. Fungus

Answer: Bacterium

57. Nurse Clarissa is conducting a community teaching session about illnesses associated with contaminated food and water. She discusses typhoid fever and asks which type of pathogen causes it.

Which is correct?

A. Virus

B. Bacterium

C. Fungus

D. Protozoan

Answer: Bacterium

58. During a community screening, Nurse Matteo identifies a resident with symptoms suggestive of lymphatic filariasis. Which category of organism is responsible for this disease?

A. Protozoan

B. Helminth

C. Bacterium

D. Virus

Answer: Helminth

59. After working in floodwater contaminated by animal urine, a farmer develops fever, muscle pain, and weakness. Nurse Joanna suspects leptospirosis. Which type of pathogen is responsible?

A. Bacterium

B. Virus

C. Parasite

D. Fungus

Answer: Bacterium

60. A registered nurse is working with an interprofessional healthcare team in a hospital. Which responsibility should the nurse recognize as outside the independent scope of nursing practice?

A. Supervising nursing activities and coordinating patient care

B. Providing direct nursing interventions and health teaching

C. Advocating for patients and supporting their healthcare decisions

D. Independently performing duties that are within the physician's scope of practice.

Answer: Independently performing duties that are within the physician's scope of practice

61. A hospital wants to improve teamwork among nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and rehabilitation professionals. Which proposed strategy would BEST support interprofessional collaboration?

A. Allow each profession to establish its own goals without consulting other team members.

B. Recognize and utilize the unique expertise that each healthcare professional contributes to patient care.

C. Provide collaboration training only to the profession responsible for coordinating patient care.
D. Maintain existing practices without introducing new collaborative approaches.

Answer: Recognize and utilize the unique expertise that each healthcare professional contributes to patient care.

62. A patient with lower-extremity weakness may benefit from physical therapy. Which situation BEST demonstrates collaboration among healthcare professionals?

A. The nurse, physician, and physical therapist each assess the patient without communicating with one another.

B. The nurse casually informs the physical therapist about the weakness but does not participate further.

C. The nurse and physician discuss the patient's condition and coordinate a referral to the physical therapist.

D. Each healthcare professional develops an individual care plan without discussing the interventions with the team.

Answer: The nurse and physician discuss the patient's condition and coordinate a referral to the physical therapist.

63. A nurse is working with a client to establish appropriate health goals and interventions. Which activities can the nurse appropriately address in collaboration with the client?

1. Prescribing a new medication dosage

2. Health promotion activities

3. Decisions regarding end-of-life comfort

4. Independently interpreting laboratory results

5. Lifestyle modifications to improve health

A. 2,3,5

B. 2,4,5

C. 1,3,4

D. 1,4,5

Answer: 2,3,5

64. During a home visit, Nurse Marissa and the rural health physician discuss the home-care requirements of a client with tuberculosis. The client's husband becomes frustrated and says that the family cannot manage all the recommended care. What should the nurse say FIRST?

A. "Can you tell me more about the concerns you have regarding the recommended care?"

B.  "You need to follow the treatment plan because it was prescribed by the physician."

C.  "Perhaps I should return after you have discussed the situation with your family."

D.  "I will explain the instructions again and address your concerns during my next visit."

Answer: "Can you tell me more about the concerns you have regarding the recommended care?"

Situation4 - Nurse Gabriel is assigned to a disaster-prone province in the Visayas. Because disasters can occur suddenly and affect entire communities, he must understand disaster management principles to provide an effective response.

65. Which situation BEST meets the definition of a disaster?

A. A minor incident resulting in a few injuries that the local health team can manage

B. A temporary interruption of services that does not exceed available community resources

C. A major event that overwhelms the community's capacity to respond and may require assistance from outside the affected area

D. Any natural phenomenon that causes damage to a limited number of properties

Answer: A major event that overwhelms the community's capacity to respond and may require assistance from outside the affected area

66. Nurse Gabriel is reviewing the four phases of disaster management before conducting a community preparedness program. Which phase comes FIRST in the disaster management continuum?

A. Response

B. Preparedness

C. Prevention

D. Recovery

Answer: Prevention

67. A community health nurse invites representatives from the local government, hospitals, emergency services, schools, and volunteer organizations to participate in disaster planning. What is the MAIN purpose of this activity?

A. To establish effective communication and coordination among participating agencies

B. To ensure that only government agencies are responsible for disaster response

C. To focus community resources exclusively on post-disaster activities

D. To improve community programs unrelated to disaster preparedness

Answer: To establish effective communication and coordination among participating agencies

68. Following a major earthquake, Nurse Rafael encounters a survivor who is crying and wants to talk about what happened. Which response demonstrates the most appropriate nursing approach?

A. "I'm here to listen. You can tell me about what you're going through when you're ready."

B.  "Try to stop crying because you need to stay strong for your family."

C.  "You should concentrate on following the instructions of the emergency personnel."

D. “Many other people are experiencing the same thing, so you need to move forward."

Answer: "I'm here to listen. You can tell me about what you're going through when you're ready."

69. While traveling to an evacuation site, Nurse Rafael observes water rapidly rising after several hours of intense rainfall. Which description BEST identifies this type of flooding?

A. A rapidly developing flood caused by intense rainfall occurring over a short period

B. Flooding that develops gradually because of prolonged drainage obstruction

C. A slow increase in water levels that occurs over several days

D. Flooding that is limited to highly urbanized communities

Answer: A rapidly developing flood caused by intense rainfall occurring over a short period

70. Nurse Alyssa is working to strengthen population-focused nursing services in her community. Which activity represents an important opportunity for public health nurses to expand their impact beyond traditional clinical responsibilities?

A. Continuing only with conventional nursing responsibilities

B. Performing routine community assessments

C. Obtaining additional specialization in community-based nursing

D. Participating in the development and influence of public health policies

Answer: Participating in the development and influence of public health policies.

71. A public health nurse discovers a situation in which protecting an individual's privacy may conflict with the safety of the larger community. What is the most appropriate approach for the nurse?

A. Follow the agency's policies regardless of the circumstances

B. Base the decision solely on professional nursing standards

C. Give priority to the needs of the larger group in every situation

D. Find an appropriate balance between the individual's rights and the community's needs

Answer: Find an appropriate balance between the individual's rights and the community's needs

72. Nurse Beatriz is explaining informed consent to a newly admitted client. Which statement accurately describes a requirement of valid informed consent?

A. The client does not need information about alternative treatment options.
B. The decision to consent must be made voluntarily.
C. Only a client's parents can provide consent for individuals under 18 years of age.
D. An adult who has been legally declared incompetent may independently provide valid consent.

Answer: The decision to consent must be made voluntarily.

73. An adult client has a living will stating that artificial life support should not be used if it is required to prolong life. The client's family disagrees with the directive and asks the nurse to disregard it. What should the nurse do initially?

A. Allow the family to express their concerns while continuing to advocate for the client's documented wishes.
B. Tell the family that they have no authority to participate in the decision.
C. Immediately report the disagreement to the hospital Ethics Committee.
D. Tell the family that they may disregard the directive because the client cannot currently speak.

Answer: Allow the family to express their concerns while continuing to advocate for the client's documented wishes.

74. During a home visit, Nurse Camille observes that a client has multiple bruises in different stages of healing. The client gives an explanation that does not appear consistent with the findings. If the nurse fails to take appropriate action regarding the situation, this may constitute:

A. Maleficence
B. Reasonable prudence
C. Malpractice
D. Negligence

Answer: Negligence

75. Which situation demonstrates appropriate maintenance of client confidentiality by a nurse?

A. Reviewing a friend's medical record at another healthcare facility
B. Discussing relevant client information during a professional healthcare team conference
C. Mentioning a client's condition while having a casual conversation with friends
D. Discussing the client's symptoms with family members without permission

Answer: Discussing relevant client information during a professional healthcare team conference

Situation 8 - Noncommunicable diseases continue to be significant health concerns, particularly among older adults. Community health nurses play an important role in preventing complications, assessing older clients, and supporting long-term management.

76. A 68-year-old client with type 2 diabetes is preparing for discharge from a community hospital. Which topic should Nurse Daniel prioritize during the client's discharge teaching?

A. The influence of family history on the development of diabetes
B. Warning signs and symptoms that should prompt the client to contact the healthcare provider
C. The physiological role of endogenous insulin in glucose transport
D. The biochemical processes involved in hepatic glycogen formation

Answer: Warning signs and symptoms that should prompt the client to contact the healthcare provider

77. Nurse Sophia is performing a comprehensive assessment of a 75-year-old client. Which approach would provide the most complete assessment of the older adult's overall condition?

A. Ask the client to prepare a written list of medical conditions and medications.
B. Use a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool to evaluate the client's multiple health dimensions.
C. Obtain information only from the primary caregiver.
D. Review the medical record without conducting additional assessment.

Answer: Use a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool to evaluate the client's multiple health dimensions.

78. Nurse Adrian is assessing a 77-year-old community-dwelling client. Which finding should require the nurse's greatest concern?

A. The client reports stopping his usual daily walks after recovering from pneumonia two months ago.
B. The client states that he prefers to remain as independent as possible.
C. The client takes three prescribed medications for chronic heart and joint conditions.
D. The client uses a labeled pill organizer to remember scheduled medications.

Answer: The client reports stopping his usual daily walks after recovering from pneumonia two months ago.

79. Nurse Gabrielle is developing a care plan for an older adult who lives in a remote rural community. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to address a common barrier to healthcare access?

A. Assess only for diseases that are unique to rural communities.
B. Provide enough medications to last for several months without follow-up.
C. Encourage the client to relocate to an urban area for better healthcare access.
D. Assist the client in arranging reliable transportation to necessary healthcare appointments.

Answer: Assist the client in arranging reliable transportation to necessary healthcare appointments.

80. Nurse Marcus is assigning clients who may require long-term nursing management. Which client is MOST likely to require ongoing care and assistance?

A. A 70-year-old client recovering from an uncomplicated appendectomy
B. A 61-year-old client with severe bilateral knee osteoarthritis and significant obesity affecting mobility
C. A 55-year-old client recovering from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
D. A 63-year-old client with acute sinusitis who requires a short course of antibiotics

Answer: A 61-year-old client with severe bilateral knee osteoarthritis and significant obesity affecting mobility

81. Nurse Camille wants to improve her ability to address new and emerging public health concerns. Which area of professional development would best help her contribute to improving healthcare practices?

A. Ethics
B. Research
C. Communication
D. Leadership

Answer: Research

82. Nurse Rafael is reviewing data regarding poverty in the Philippines. Which statement is NOT consistent with the 2015 poverty statistics presented?

A. Approximately 28% of the country's population was living below the poverty line.
B. Millions of Filipinos were expected to rise above the poverty threshold in the succeeding years.
C. Farmers, fishermen, and children consistently had among the highest poverty incidences.
D. More than 12 million Filipinos were living in extreme poverty.

Answer: More than 12 million Filipinos were living in extreme poverty.

83. Nurse Bianca is assessing a disadvantaged community to determine factors contributing to poverty, homelessness, and poor health. Which area should the nurse prioritize during the assessment?

A. Mental health conditions and informal community relationships
B. Availability of social support and essential basic services
C. Age and mobility of household members
D. Neighborhood conditions and sanitation practices

Answer: Availability of social support and essential basic services

84. Nurse Julian observes that many pregnant women in an economically disadvantaged community are undernourished. He coordinates with the local social welfare office to provide nutritionally adequate food. What level of prevention does this intervention represent?

A. Health promotion only
B. Tertiary prevention
C. Primary prevention
D. Secondary prevention

Answer: Primary prevention

85. Nurse Andrea identifies several young adults who frequently consume unhealthy foods. She explains that these behaviors increase their risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors may affect their:

A. Future willingness to modify their eating habits
B. Ability to access healthcare services
C. Ability to establish social support networks
D. Health status and employment potential

Answer: Health status and employment potential

86. Nurse Sophia is preparing an advocacy program for individuals with mental and psychosocial disabilities. Which statement should NOT be included in the advocacy message?

A. People with mental and psychosocial disabilities should be routinely confined in institutions.
B. Employment and livelihood opportunities should be developed for affected individuals.
C. Mental health services should be incorporated into emergency and disaster programs.
D. Mental health services should be integrated into healthcare services, including primary care.

Answer: People with mental and psychosocial disabilities should be routinely confined in institutions.

Situation - Lymphatic filariasis remains a public health concern in endemic areas. Aside from causing chronic physical complications, the disease may result in disability and social stigma because of its disfiguring effects.

87. Nurse Mateo is conducting a community teaching session about lymphatic filariasis. Which organism is recognized as a causative agent of the disease?

A. Wuchereria bancrofti
B. Necator americanus
C. Schistosoma haematobium
D. Plasmodium falciparum

Answer: Wuchereria bancrofti

88. Nurse Isabella is discussing the transmission of lymphatic filariasis with residents of an endemic community. According to the provided reference, which mosquito serves as a vector?

A. Aedes aegypti
B. Culex species
C. Anopheles species
D. Aedes poecillus

Answer: Culex species

89. Nurse Daniel is assessing a 36-year-old client from a community where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be performed?

A. Immunochromatographic test (ICT)
B. Rumpel-Leede test
C. Routine urinalysis
D. Stool examination

Answer: Immunochromatographic test (ICT)

90. Nurse Gabriela is assessing a client who is currently experiencing the acute stage of lymphatic filariasis. Which clinical findings would be most consistent with this stage?

A. Hydrocele, lymphedema, and elephantiasis
B. Lymphadenitis, lymphedema, and orchitis
C. Orchitis, hydrocele, and elephantiasis
D. Lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and epididymitis

Answer: Lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and epididymitis

91. Nurse Helena is helping develop a community program aimed at eliminating lymphatic filariasis. Which proposed intervention should NOT be included?

A. Vaccinating susceptible individuals in endemic and high-risk areas
B. Conducting annual mass drug administration in endemic communities
C. Strengthening health education and advocacy regarding prevention and elimination
D. Improving environmental sanitation through proper drainage and cleanliness

Answer: Vaccinating susceptible individuals in endemic and high-risk areas

Situation - In all areas of nursing practice, including community health nursing, proper documentation and records management are essential for effective communication, continuity of care, and accountability.

92. Nurse Mariel is reviewing the importance of nursing records with community health staff. Which statement does NOT describe an appropriate purpose of documentation?

A. Maintaining a permanent record that can support future patient care
B. Providing information that may be used during professional discussions
C. Supporting the planning and evaluation of patient treatment
D. Eliminating the need for communication among healthcare team members

Answer: Eliminating the need for communication among healthcare team members

93. During a home visit, Nurse Lorenzo is completing the client's progress notes. Which documentation practice should the nurse follow?

A. Document only when a major change in the client's condition occurs
B. Follow the documentation format established by the healthcare agency
C. Complete all home-visit records at the end of the week
D. Use brief phrases without following the agency's required format

Answer: Follow the documentation format established by the healthcare agency

94. Nurse Camille is conducting an orientation for newly hired nurses about proper documentation. Which set of practices should be followed to ensure accurate and legally sound records?

1. Include the date, time, and signature on each entry.

2. Record information as soon as possible after providing care.

3. Ensure that all entries are legible.

4. Keep documentation complete, accurate, and objective.

5. Use only approved abbreviations.

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
B. 1, 3, and 5 only
C. 2, 3, and 4 only
D. 2, 4, and 5 only

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

95. Nurse Adrian is reviewing the facility's policy regarding the retention of clinical records. Based on the referenced guidelines, how long should medical records generally be maintained?

A. Two years after the client's last visit
B. Five years from the date of admission
C. Ten years after the last date of service
D. Fifteen years from the date of service

Answer: Ten years after the last date of service

96. Nurse Selena is checking records related to controlled medications, including orders, dispensing, administration, and inventory. How long should the pharmacy records be maintained?

A. Six months
B. One year
C. Five years
D. Three years

Answer: Five years

Situation - Nurse Alana has recently obtained her nursing license and plans to apply for the Department of Health Nurse Deployment Project (NDP).

97. Nurse Alana is reviewing the eligibility requirements for the Nurse Deployment Project. Which applicant would NOT meet the stated qualifications?

A. An applicant willing to participate in the recruitment and selection process
B. An applicant with a valid and verified PRC Professional Identification Card
C. An applicant who is below 21 years of age at the time of application
D. An applicant who is physically and mentally fit, as confirmed by a medical certificate

Answer: An applicant who is below 21 years of age at the time of application

98. Nurse Alana asks about the main reason the Department of Health established the Nurse Deployment Project. Which statement BEST describes its primary purpose?

A. To increase the number of nurses assigned specifically to rural health units
B. To provide newly licensed nurses with initial work experience
C. To discourage Filipino nurses from applying for jobs overseas
D. To strengthen local health systems in support of Universal Health Care

Answer: To strengthen local health systems in support of Universal Health Care

99. Nurse Alana is accepted into the Nurse Deployment Project under a Contract of Services. According to the provided program guidelines, approximately how much is the expected monthly salary?

A. P13,000
B. P18,000
C. P15,000
D. P22,000

Answer: P18,000

100. Nurse Alana is informed that NDP nurses may be assigned to several community-based healthcare facilities. Which group correctly identifies the facilities included in the program?

A. Rural Health Units, Barangay Health Stations, Level 1 LGU Hospitals, and Birthing Homes
B. Rural Health Units, DOH hospitals, disaster centers, and private clinics
C. Barangay Health Stations, DOH hospitals, tertiary hospitals, and birthing homes
D. Rural Health Units, tertiary hospitals, private clinics, and private birthing facilities

Answer: Rural Health Units, Barangay Health Stations, Level 1 LGU Hospitals, and Birthing Homes