Module 1 Pedia sample quiz

Multiple-Choice Situational Quiz (30 items)

  1. A newborn delivered at 36 weeks with a weight of 2.3 kg is showing symptoms of respiratory distress. What condition is this infant most at risk for?

    a) Hyperbilirubinemia
    b) Meconium aspiration syndrome
    c) Respiratory distress syndrome
    d) Large for gestational age (LGA)

  2. Which is a characteristic feature of a post-term infant?
    a) Abundant lanugo
    b) Parchment-like skin
    c) Immature reflexes
    d) Soft ear cartilage

  3. An infant born with a weight below the 10th percentile and signs of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is at risk for:
    a) Hypoglycemia
    b) Hyperbilirubinemia
    c) Polycythemia
    d) All of the above

  4. In a preterm newborn, which condition is characterized by periods of stopped breathing?
    a) Retinopathy of prematurity
    b) Apnea of prematurity
    c) Hyperbilirubinemia
    d) Respiratory distress syndrome

  5. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of sepsis neonatorum?
    a) Prolonged rupture of membranes
    b) Transplacental transfer from maternal bloodstream
    c) Hyperbilirubinemia
    d) Prematurity

  6. What nursing intervention is most critical in managing a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
    a) Administer phototherapy
    b) Provide surfactant replacement therapy
    c) Administer antibiotics
    d) Maintain intravenous fluids

  7. What is the primary function of administering glucocorticosteroids to a preterm infant?
    a) Stimulate erythropoiesis
    b) Prevent hyperbilirubinemia
    c) Accelerate lung maturation
    d) Treat sepsis

  8. A newborn is delivered via emergency cesarean due to placental insufficiency. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is present. Which complication should the nurse monitor for?
    a) Respiratory distress syndrome
    b) Meconium aspiration syndrome
    c) Necrotizing enterocolitis
    d) Hyperbilirubinemia

  9. Which of the following is a key sign of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
    a) Rapid weight gain
    b) Immature retinal blood vessels
    c) Polycythemia
    d) Excessive bruising

  10. What should a nurse do immediately if a newborn exhibits signs of apnea?
    a) Administer caffeine preparation
    b) Change the infant's position
    c) Gently stimulate the infant
    d) All of the above

  11. A newborn delivered at 32 weeks gestation is admitted to the NICU. The baby has a high-pitched cry and poor feeding. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this newborn?
    a) Risk for hypothermia
    b) Impaired gas exchange
    c) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements
    d) Risk for infection

  12. A preterm newborn is at risk for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). What is the primary cause of RDS in preterm infants?
    a) Hypoglycemia
    b) Surfactant deficiency
    c) Immature liver function
    d) Low hematocrit

  13. A post-term newborn presents with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The nurse should monitor the newborn for:
    a) Hyperbilirubinemia
    b) Meconium aspiration syndrome
    c) Retinopathy of prematurity
    d) Neonatal sepsis

  14. Which condition should the nurse suspect in a newborn with a Silverman-Andersen score of 8?
    a) Severe respiratory distress
    b) Moderate respiratory distress
    c) No respiratory distress
    d) Hypoglycemia

  15. A preterm newborn is diagnosed with anemia of prematurity. Which intervention is likely to be part of the treatment plan?
    a) Blood transfusion
    b) Phototherapy
    c) Nasogastric feeding
    d) Exchange transfusion

  16. A 38-week gestation newborn is diagnosed with Large for Gestational Age (LGA). Which complication is the infant most at risk for?
    a) Hypoglycemia
    b) Hyperbilirubinemia
    c) Respiratory distress syndrome
    d) Sepsis

  17. A newborn in the NICU is receiving phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. What nursing intervention is essential during this treatment?
    a) Cover the infant's head
    b) Ensure the infant's eyes are shielded
    c) Monitor the infant’s blood glucose levels
    d) Maintain the infant’s body temperature above 39°C

  18. Which characteristic would the nurse expect in a Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infant?
    a) Excessive lanugo
    b) Wasted physical appearance
    c) Increased subcutaneous fat
    d) Prolonged sleep periods

  19. A preterm newborn is receiving oxygen therapy. What complication should the nurse monitor for if the newborn receives prolonged oxygen therapy?
    a) Hyperbilirubinemia
    b) Retinopathy of prematurity
    c) Meconium aspiration syndrome
    d) Apnea of prematurity

  20. A nurse is assessing a preterm infant for signs of infection. Which clinical finding is an early indicator of sepsis in the newborn?
    a) Hyperactivity
    b) Hypothermia
    c) Cyanosis
    d) Jaundice

  21. Which nursing intervention is a priority for a newborn with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
    a) Administer antibiotics as prescribed
    b) Begin oral feedings immediately
    c) Increase environmental stimulation
    d) Provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

  22. A mother is concerned about her newborn's low birth weight. The nurse explains that the infant is Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Which factor could have contributed to this condition?
    a) Maternal diabetes
    b) Multiple gestation
    c) Polyhydramnios
    d) Maternal smoking

  23. An infant born at 28 weeks gestation is being treated for apnea of prematurity. Which nursing action should the nurse prioritize?
    a) Maintain the infant in an upright position
    b) Stimulate the infant by tapping their feet
    c) Administer surfactant
    d) Prepare for an exchange transfusion

  24. A newborn is diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia within 24 hours of birth. What is the most appropriate intervention?
    a) Increase the frequency of feedings
    b) Administer phototherapy
    c) Place the infant under a radiant warmer
    d) Encourage kangaroo care

  25. Which finding in a post-term newborn should alert the nurse to potential complications?
    a) Loose, wrinkled skin
    b) Abundant vernix
    c) Closed fontanelles
    d) Bright pink skin

  26. A newborn with hypothermia is receiving care in the NICU. What is the nurse’s priority action?
    a) Administer oxygen
    b) Place the newborn in a radiant warmer
    c) Monitor blood glucose levels
    d) Initiate IV fluids

  27. An infant is diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). What is the primary nursing intervention immediately after birth?
    a) Vigorous suctioning of the airways
    b) Administer antibiotics
    c) Provide oxygen supplementation
    d) Encourage early breastfeeding

  28. Which assessment finding suggests respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a newborn?
    a) Grunting
    b) Hypoglycemia
    c) Hyperbilirubinemia
    d) Lethargy

  29. A preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is receiving mechanical ventilation. What is the most important nursing consideration?
    a) Monitor for signs of oxygen toxicity
    b) Limit fluid intake
    c) Provide continuous enteral feeding
    d) Keep the infant in a prone position

  30. A newborn with jaundice is undergoing phototherapy. Which nursing action is essential?
    a) Measure the infant's head circumference daily
    b) Reposition the infant every 2 hours
    c) Administer vitamin K injections
    d) Check the infant's hemoglobin levels

Situational Identification Quiz (10 items)

  1. A newborn delivered at 35 weeks has trouble maintaining body temperature and shows signs of respiratory distress. The nurse should prioritize which interventions?

  2. A newborn shows jaundice within the first 24 hours of life, with total bilirubin levels elevated. What condition does this suggest, and what intervention is most appropriate?

  3. After a difficult delivery, a newborn is born with bruising and a broken clavicle. What condition should the nurse monitor for in this large-for-gestational-age infant?

  4. A preterm infant is being treated for apnea of prematurity. What non-pharmacologic interventions can assist in managing this condition?

  5. A mother who smoked during pregnancy delivers a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant. What complications should the nurse be aware of?

  6. An infant delivered at 40 weeks shows meconium-stained amniotic fluid and signs of respiratory distress. What immediate steps should the nurse take?

  7. A newborn exhibits signs of hypothermia, lethargy, and jaundice after birth. What diagnostic test should the nurse request to assess the severity of jaundice?

  8. A preterm infant has soft skull bones and poor feeding. What diagnosis is associated with these signs, and what interventions are critical for this infant's care?

  9. A newborn with a birth weight in the 90th percentile develops polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia. What risk factors and complications should the nurse monitor for?

  10. A premature infant born at 32 weeks has not been feeding well and develops abdominal distension and bloody stools. What is the likely diagnosis, and what management steps should be initiated?

Answer Key

Multiple-Choice:

  1. c) Respiratory distress syndrome

  2. b) Parchment-like skin

  3. d) All of the above

  4. b) Apnea of prematurity

  5. c) Hyperbilirubinemia

  6. b) Provide surfactant replacement therapy

  7. c) Accelerate lung maturation

  8. b) Meconium aspiration syndrome

  9. b) Immature retinal blood vessels

  10. d) All of the above

  11. c) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements

  12. b) Surfactant deficiency

  13. b) Meconium aspiration syndrome

  14. a) Severe respiratory distress

  15. a) Blood transfusion

  16. a) Hypoglycemia

  17. b) Ensure the infant's eyes are shielded

  18. b) Wasted physical appearance

  19. b) Retinopathy of prematurity

  20. b) Hypothermia

  21. a) Administer antibiotics as prescribed

  22. d) Maternal smoking

  23. b) Stimulate the infant by tapping their feet

  24. b) Administer phototherapy

  25. a) Loose, wrinkled skin

  26. b) Place the newborn in a radiant warmer

  27. a) Vigorous suctioning of the airways

  28. a) Grunting

  29. a) Monitor for signs of oxygen toxicity

  30. b) Reposition the infant every 2 hours

Answer Key

Situational Identification:

  1. Respiratory support (oxygen, surfactant therapy), thermoregulation.

  2. Pathological jaundice, phototherapy.

  3. Risk of hypoglycemia and birth trauma, monitor glucose and neurological signs.

  4. Position changes, gentle stimulation.

  5. Hypoglycemia, polycythemia, difficulty maintaining temperature.

  6. Suction the airways, administer oxygen, possible mechanical ventilation.

  7. Bilirubin test, phototherapy if levels are high.

  8. Prematurity, provide nutrition via IV, manage thermoregulation.

  9. Monitor for jaundice and administer fluids, phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia.

  10. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), initiate bowel rest, IV fluids, and antibiotics.