Unit 9: Cells

Cellular Organization - Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

Cell Theory - All living organisms are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of organisms. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Cell Types

Prokaryotic -

Example - Bacteria

  • No membrane around their DNA (no nucleus)

  • Unicellular

  • Smallest of the cells

Eukaryotic -

Example - Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals

  • Membrane bound organelles and DNA in a nucleus

  • Unicellular and Multicellular

Cell parts

Cell Membrane - Determines what can enter and exit the cell - Both

Cell Wall - Supports and protects the cell - Plants

Nucleus - Control center of the cell, stores DNA - Both

Ribosome - Makes protein - Both

Cytoplasm - Fluid that fills a cell and gives it structure - Both

Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell - Both

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Makes lipids and moves materials around the cell - Both

Golgi Apparatus - Packages and distributes materials - Both

Vacuole - Stores materials - Both

Chloroplast - Captures energy from the sun and makes glucose - Plants

Lysosome - Breaks down waste and worn out cell parts - Animals

Cell Division

Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria)

  • Duplicates its genetic material then divided evenly into two organisms.

  • It is an exact copy of itself

  • Binary Fission

Eukaryotic Cells (Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals)

  • Cell division is a multi-step process central to the growth, development, and health of every eukaryotic organisms

Mitosis -

  • The process by which one cell divides and creates two identical copies of the parent cell

  • Allows for growth and repair

  • Creates body cells - Mi - TOE - sis - The “toe” is a body part

Meiosis -

  • The process by which one cell divides and creates four cells which are not identical copies of the parent cell

  • Reproduction

Creates sperm and egg cells